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Thermodynamic Insights into the Oxidation Mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Using In Situ X-ray Diffraction

This paper utilizes in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behaviour of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA). We found that (1) Mn is the major oxide-forming element in both vacuum and air environments, leading to the formation of non-protective oxides that depl...

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Autores principales: Arshad, Muhammad, Bano, Saira, Amer, Mohamed, Janik, Vit, Hayat, Qamar, Huang, Yuze, Guan, Dikai, Bai, Mingwen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10384371/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37512315
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145042
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author Arshad, Muhammad
Bano, Saira
Amer, Mohamed
Janik, Vit
Hayat, Qamar
Huang, Yuze
Guan, Dikai
Bai, Mingwen
author_facet Arshad, Muhammad
Bano, Saira
Amer, Mohamed
Janik, Vit
Hayat, Qamar
Huang, Yuze
Guan, Dikai
Bai, Mingwen
author_sort Arshad, Muhammad
collection PubMed
description This paper utilizes in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behaviour of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA). We found that (1) Mn is the major oxide-forming element in both vacuum and air environments, leading to the formation of non-protective oxides that deplete the bulk alloy of Mn; (2) no oxides like Cr(2)O(3), Fe(2)O(3), or Fe(3)O(4) were observed during the high-temperature oxidation behaviour of CrMnFeCoNi, which contradicts some previous studies on the isothermal oxidation of CrMnFeCoNi HEA. We also analysed and compared the experimental results with thermodynamic calculations by using ThermoCalc version 2022b software following the CALPHAD method. ThermoCalc predicted spinel oxide in a vacuum environment, along with halite oxides observed in experimental results; also, in an atmospheric environment, it predicted only spinel, indicating the need for further investigation into factors to validate the thermodynamic predictions. Our study shows that the in situ HTXRD technique is a powerful tool to accurately identify time–temperature-dependent phase formation/transformation for studying oxidation behaviours and understanding oxidation mechanisms in HEAs.
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spelling pubmed-103843712023-07-30 Thermodynamic Insights into the Oxidation Mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Using In Situ X-ray Diffraction Arshad, Muhammad Bano, Saira Amer, Mohamed Janik, Vit Hayat, Qamar Huang, Yuze Guan, Dikai Bai, Mingwen Materials (Basel) Article This paper utilizes in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behaviour of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA). We found that (1) Mn is the major oxide-forming element in both vacuum and air environments, leading to the formation of non-protective oxides that deplete the bulk alloy of Mn; (2) no oxides like Cr(2)O(3), Fe(2)O(3), or Fe(3)O(4) were observed during the high-temperature oxidation behaviour of CrMnFeCoNi, which contradicts some previous studies on the isothermal oxidation of CrMnFeCoNi HEA. We also analysed and compared the experimental results with thermodynamic calculations by using ThermoCalc version 2022b software following the CALPHAD method. ThermoCalc predicted spinel oxide in a vacuum environment, along with halite oxides observed in experimental results; also, in an atmospheric environment, it predicted only spinel, indicating the need for further investigation into factors to validate the thermodynamic predictions. Our study shows that the in situ HTXRD technique is a powerful tool to accurately identify time–temperature-dependent phase formation/transformation for studying oxidation behaviours and understanding oxidation mechanisms in HEAs. MDPI 2023-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10384371/ /pubmed/37512315 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145042 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Arshad, Muhammad
Bano, Saira
Amer, Mohamed
Janik, Vit
Hayat, Qamar
Huang, Yuze
Guan, Dikai
Bai, Mingwen
Thermodynamic Insights into the Oxidation Mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Using In Situ X-ray Diffraction
title Thermodynamic Insights into the Oxidation Mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Using In Situ X-ray Diffraction
title_full Thermodynamic Insights into the Oxidation Mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Using In Situ X-ray Diffraction
title_fullStr Thermodynamic Insights into the Oxidation Mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Using In Situ X-ray Diffraction
title_full_unstemmed Thermodynamic Insights into the Oxidation Mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Using In Situ X-ray Diffraction
title_short Thermodynamic Insights into the Oxidation Mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Using In Situ X-ray Diffraction
title_sort thermodynamic insights into the oxidation mechanisms of crmnfeconi high-entropy alloy using in situ x-ray diffraction
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10384371/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37512315
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145042
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