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COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit

Background: The longitudinal response to the COVID-19 vaccines among patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been well characterized. Methods: To guide vaccination strategies in patients on hemodialysis, it is critical to characterize the longevity and efficacy o...

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Autores principales: He, Mingyue, Song, Rui, Shaik, Zakir, Gadegbeku, Crystal A., Enderle, Louise, Petyo, Christina, Quinn, Sally B., Pfeffer, Zoe, Murphy, Kathleen, Kelsen, Steven, Mishkin, Aaron D., Lee, Jean, Gillespie, Avrum
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10384404/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37515067
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071252
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author He, Mingyue
Song, Rui
Shaik, Zakir
Gadegbeku, Crystal A.
Enderle, Louise
Petyo, Christina
Quinn, Sally B.
Pfeffer, Zoe
Murphy, Kathleen
Kelsen, Steven
Mishkin, Aaron D.
Lee, Jean
Gillespie, Avrum
author_facet He, Mingyue
Song, Rui
Shaik, Zakir
Gadegbeku, Crystal A.
Enderle, Louise
Petyo, Christina
Quinn, Sally B.
Pfeffer, Zoe
Murphy, Kathleen
Kelsen, Steven
Mishkin, Aaron D.
Lee, Jean
Gillespie, Avrum
author_sort He, Mingyue
collection PubMed
description Background: The longitudinal response to the COVID-19 vaccines among patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been well characterized. Methods: To guide vaccination strategies in patients on hemodialysis, it is critical to characterize the longevity and efficacy of the vaccine; therefore, we conducted a prospective single-center monthly antibody surveillance study between March 2021 and March 2022 to investigate the dynamic humoral response to a series of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monthly quantitative antibody testing was performed using the Beckman Coulter Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Test©, which detects IgG antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Results: This cohort of 30 participants (mean age: 61 ± 3 years) predominantly self-identified as African American (97%) and male (53%). Eight participants (27%) had recovered from COVID-19 (recovered) before the vaccine initiation. All participants received two vaccine doses, and 86.6% received a 6-month booster dose. Among patients naïve to COVID-19, the antibody positivity rate (APR) was 55% post-first-dose, 91% post-second-dose, 50% pre-booster at 6 months, 100% post-booster, and 89% at 6 months post-booster. Recovered patients sustained a consistent 100% APR throughout the year. The naïve patients demonstrated lower peak antibody levels post-second-dose than the recovered patients (17.9 ± 3.2 vs. 44.7 ± 5.6, p < 0.001). The peak antibody levels post-booster showed no significant difference between both groups (27.1 ± 3.9 vs. 37.9 ± 8.2, p = 0.20). Two naïve patients contracted COVID-19 during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The patients naïve to COVID-19 exhibited an attenuated and foreshortened antibody response following two doses of the mRNA vaccines compared with the recovered patients, who maintained 100% APR before the booster dose. The 6-month booster dose counteracted declining immunity and stimulated antibody responses in the naïve patients, even in previously non-responsive patients. This observation implies that different booster vaccination strategies might be required for COVID-19-naïve and -recovered patients. Post-vaccination antibody testing may serve as a valuable tool for guiding vaccination strategies.
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spelling pubmed-103844042023-07-30 COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit He, Mingyue Song, Rui Shaik, Zakir Gadegbeku, Crystal A. Enderle, Louise Petyo, Christina Quinn, Sally B. Pfeffer, Zoe Murphy, Kathleen Kelsen, Steven Mishkin, Aaron D. Lee, Jean Gillespie, Avrum Vaccines (Basel) Article Background: The longitudinal response to the COVID-19 vaccines among patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been well characterized. Methods: To guide vaccination strategies in patients on hemodialysis, it is critical to characterize the longevity and efficacy of the vaccine; therefore, we conducted a prospective single-center monthly antibody surveillance study between March 2021 and March 2022 to investigate the dynamic humoral response to a series of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monthly quantitative antibody testing was performed using the Beckman Coulter Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Test©, which detects IgG antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Results: This cohort of 30 participants (mean age: 61 ± 3 years) predominantly self-identified as African American (97%) and male (53%). Eight participants (27%) had recovered from COVID-19 (recovered) before the vaccine initiation. All participants received two vaccine doses, and 86.6% received a 6-month booster dose. Among patients naïve to COVID-19, the antibody positivity rate (APR) was 55% post-first-dose, 91% post-second-dose, 50% pre-booster at 6 months, 100% post-booster, and 89% at 6 months post-booster. Recovered patients sustained a consistent 100% APR throughout the year. The naïve patients demonstrated lower peak antibody levels post-second-dose than the recovered patients (17.9 ± 3.2 vs. 44.7 ± 5.6, p < 0.001). The peak antibody levels post-booster showed no significant difference between both groups (27.1 ± 3.9 vs. 37.9 ± 8.2, p = 0.20). Two naïve patients contracted COVID-19 during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The patients naïve to COVID-19 exhibited an attenuated and foreshortened antibody response following two doses of the mRNA vaccines compared with the recovered patients, who maintained 100% APR before the booster dose. The 6-month booster dose counteracted declining immunity and stimulated antibody responses in the naïve patients, even in previously non-responsive patients. This observation implies that different booster vaccination strategies might be required for COVID-19-naïve and -recovered patients. Post-vaccination antibody testing may serve as a valuable tool for guiding vaccination strategies. MDPI 2023-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10384404/ /pubmed/37515067 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071252 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
He, Mingyue
Song, Rui
Shaik, Zakir
Gadegbeku, Crystal A.
Enderle, Louise
Petyo, Christina
Quinn, Sally B.
Pfeffer, Zoe
Murphy, Kathleen
Kelsen, Steven
Mishkin, Aaron D.
Lee, Jean
Gillespie, Avrum
COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit
title COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit
title_full COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit
title_fullStr COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit
title_short COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit
title_sort covid-19 vaccine antibody response in a single-center urban hemodialysis unit
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10384404/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37515067
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071252
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