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Solarplast(®)—An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract
In the modern world we are constantly bombarded by environmental and natural stimuli that can result in oxidative stress. Antioxidant molecules and enzymes help the human body scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent oxidative damage. Most organisms possess intrinsic antioxidant activity, but al...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10384499/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37514292 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142678 |
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author | Simon, Annie Mazhar, Shahneela Khokhlova, Ekaterina Leeuwendaal, Natasha Phipps, Christopher Deaton, John Rea, Kieran Colom, Joan |
author_facet | Simon, Annie Mazhar, Shahneela Khokhlova, Ekaterina Leeuwendaal, Natasha Phipps, Christopher Deaton, John Rea, Kieran Colom, Joan |
author_sort | Simon, Annie |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the modern world we are constantly bombarded by environmental and natural stimuli that can result in oxidative stress. Antioxidant molecules and enzymes help the human body scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent oxidative damage. Most organisms possess intrinsic antioxidant activity, but also benefit from the consumption of antioxidants from their diet. Leafy green vegetables such as spinach are a well-researched rich source of dietary antioxidant molecules. However, plant cell walls are difficult to digest for many individuals and the bio-accessibility of nutrients and antioxidants from these sources can be limited by the degree of digestion and assimilation. Through a specific enzymatic process, Solarplast(®) contains organic spinach protoplasts without the cell wall, which may facilitate higher yield and efficacy of beneficial antioxidant molecules. In this study, analytical techniques coupled to in vitro bioassays were used to determine the potential antioxidant activity of Solarplast(®) and determine its antioxidant enzymatic capabilities. Solarplast(®) demonstrated superior antioxidant activity when compared to frozen spinach leaves in TOC, FRAP and TEAC antioxidant assays. Several antioxidant enzymes were also increased in Solarplast(®), when compared to frozen spinach. As a functional readout, Solarplast(®) attenuated hydrogen peroxide-, ethanol- and acetaminophen-induced increases in oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both intestinal (HT-29) and liver (HepG2) cell lines. These findings suggest that Solarplast(®) may represent a non-GMO, plant-based food supplement to help reduce oxidative stress in the human body. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10384499 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103844992023-07-30 Solarplast(®)—An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract Simon, Annie Mazhar, Shahneela Khokhlova, Ekaterina Leeuwendaal, Natasha Phipps, Christopher Deaton, John Rea, Kieran Colom, Joan Plants (Basel) Article In the modern world we are constantly bombarded by environmental and natural stimuli that can result in oxidative stress. Antioxidant molecules and enzymes help the human body scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent oxidative damage. Most organisms possess intrinsic antioxidant activity, but also benefit from the consumption of antioxidants from their diet. Leafy green vegetables such as spinach are a well-researched rich source of dietary antioxidant molecules. However, plant cell walls are difficult to digest for many individuals and the bio-accessibility of nutrients and antioxidants from these sources can be limited by the degree of digestion and assimilation. Through a specific enzymatic process, Solarplast(®) contains organic spinach protoplasts without the cell wall, which may facilitate higher yield and efficacy of beneficial antioxidant molecules. In this study, analytical techniques coupled to in vitro bioassays were used to determine the potential antioxidant activity of Solarplast(®) and determine its antioxidant enzymatic capabilities. Solarplast(®) demonstrated superior antioxidant activity when compared to frozen spinach leaves in TOC, FRAP and TEAC antioxidant assays. Several antioxidant enzymes were also increased in Solarplast(®), when compared to frozen spinach. As a functional readout, Solarplast(®) attenuated hydrogen peroxide-, ethanol- and acetaminophen-induced increases in oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both intestinal (HT-29) and liver (HepG2) cell lines. These findings suggest that Solarplast(®) may represent a non-GMO, plant-based food supplement to help reduce oxidative stress in the human body. MDPI 2023-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10384499/ /pubmed/37514292 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142678 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Simon, Annie Mazhar, Shahneela Khokhlova, Ekaterina Leeuwendaal, Natasha Phipps, Christopher Deaton, John Rea, Kieran Colom, Joan Solarplast(®)—An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract |
title | Solarplast(®)—An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract |
title_full | Solarplast(®)—An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract |
title_fullStr | Solarplast(®)—An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract |
title_full_unstemmed | Solarplast(®)—An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract |
title_short | Solarplast(®)—An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract |
title_sort | solarplast(®)—an enzymatically treated spinach extract |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10384499/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37514292 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142678 |
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