Synthesis of New Monoazo Disperse Dyes for Dyeing Polyester Fabric Using Two Different Dyeing Methods: Demonstration of Their Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones were obtained with good yields by reacting dimethylformamide dimethylacetal with different methyl ketones. 3-oxo-3-phenyl-2-(2-phenylhydrazono)propanals disperse dyes were obtained via reacting of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones with phenyldiazonium chloride. The novel dyes were used in dyeing polyester fabrics through two different dyeing methods at temperatures of 100 and 130 °C. We found that the color strength when using the dyeing method at 130 °C was better than the dyeing method at 100 °C. The fastness properties of dyed fabrics with these new disperse dyes were studied and gave very good results (except for fastness to light, which gave moderate results). The new dyes were evaluated against some different types of bacteria and cancer, which showed excellent and promising results for the possibility of using these dyes as antibacterial and anticancer agents.