Research Progress on NSP11 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

SIMPLE SUMMARY: NSP11 is a non-structural protein of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) that influences viral replication and interacts with the host’s innate immune response. We reviewed the genetic evolution of NSP11, its effects on PRRSV replication and virulence, its interactions with other PRRSV and host proteins, the regulation of host immunity, the conserved characteristics of nidovirus-specific endonuclease (NendoU), and its diagnosis, providing an important theoretical basis for in-depth studies on PRRSV pathogenesis and vaccine design. ABSTRACT: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a virulent infectious disease caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV). The non-structural protein 11 (NSP11) of PRRSV is a nidovirus-specific endonuclease (NendoU), which displays uridine specificity and catalytic functions conserved throughout the entire NendoU family and exerts a wide range of biological effects. This review discusses the genetic evolution of NSP11, its effects on PRRSV replication and virulence, its interaction with other PRRSV and host proteins, its regulation of host immunity, the conserved characteristics of its enzyme activity (NendoU), and its diagnosis, providing an essential theoretical basis for in-depth studies of PRRSV pathogenesis and vaccine design.