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The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study

Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic oomycete with pathogenic potential in mammals, causes gastrointestinal and cutaneous disease in dogs. Mefenoxam, an agricultural anti-oomycotic compound, has a demonstrated the ability to inhibit P. insidiosum growth in vitro and has been associated with efficacy in tr...

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Autores principales: Billings, Phillip, Walton, Stuart, Shmalberg, Justin, Santoro, Domenico
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385059/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37512898
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071726
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author Billings, Phillip
Walton, Stuart
Shmalberg, Justin
Santoro, Domenico
author_facet Billings, Phillip
Walton, Stuart
Shmalberg, Justin
Santoro, Domenico
author_sort Billings, Phillip
collection PubMed
description Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic oomycete with pathogenic potential in mammals, causes gastrointestinal and cutaneous disease in dogs. Mefenoxam, an agricultural anti-oomycotic compound, has a demonstrated the ability to inhibit P. insidiosum growth in vitro and has been associated with efficacy in treating gastrointestinal pythiosis in several case reports. Electronic medical records of dogs seen at University of Florida Small Animal Hospital and treated with mefenoxam between 2013 and 2020 were searched. Dogs were included in this study upon previous definitive diagnosis with either organism identification using culture, PCR, or antibody ELISA, or a combination of these tests with or without supportive histopathological analysis. Since 2013, mefenoxam had been administered to 25 dogs with cutaneous pythiosis and 16 dogs with gastrointestinal pythiosis. In both gastrointestinal and cutaneous pythiosis groups, the administration of mefenoxam was associated with a survivability rate of approximately 51%. There was a statistically significant difference in the time to death between cutaneous (245 days (52–530)) and gastrointestinal (90 days (21–203)) groups; dogs infected with cutaneous pythiosis survived significantly longer after being diagnosed with the disease (p = 0.035). The dogs in this study experienced increased survival rates and time to death, in the absence of side effects due to mefenoxam, compared with previously published literature. The results of this retrospective study, with some limitations, are promising and should prompt further investigation into the use of mefenoxam in the treatment of both gastrointestinal and cutaneous pythiosis.
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spelling pubmed-103850592023-07-30 The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study Billings, Phillip Walton, Stuart Shmalberg, Justin Santoro, Domenico Microorganisms Article Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic oomycete with pathogenic potential in mammals, causes gastrointestinal and cutaneous disease in dogs. Mefenoxam, an agricultural anti-oomycotic compound, has a demonstrated the ability to inhibit P. insidiosum growth in vitro and has been associated with efficacy in treating gastrointestinal pythiosis in several case reports. Electronic medical records of dogs seen at University of Florida Small Animal Hospital and treated with mefenoxam between 2013 and 2020 were searched. Dogs were included in this study upon previous definitive diagnosis with either organism identification using culture, PCR, or antibody ELISA, or a combination of these tests with or without supportive histopathological analysis. Since 2013, mefenoxam had been administered to 25 dogs with cutaneous pythiosis and 16 dogs with gastrointestinal pythiosis. In both gastrointestinal and cutaneous pythiosis groups, the administration of mefenoxam was associated with a survivability rate of approximately 51%. There was a statistically significant difference in the time to death between cutaneous (245 days (52–530)) and gastrointestinal (90 days (21–203)) groups; dogs infected with cutaneous pythiosis survived significantly longer after being diagnosed with the disease (p = 0.035). The dogs in this study experienced increased survival rates and time to death, in the absence of side effects due to mefenoxam, compared with previously published literature. The results of this retrospective study, with some limitations, are promising and should prompt further investigation into the use of mefenoxam in the treatment of both gastrointestinal and cutaneous pythiosis. MDPI 2023-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10385059/ /pubmed/37512898 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071726 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Billings, Phillip
Walton, Stuart
Shmalberg, Justin
Santoro, Domenico
The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study
title The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study
title_full The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study
title_fullStr The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study
title_full_unstemmed The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study
title_short The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study
title_sort use of mefenoxam to treat cutaneous and gastrointestinal pythiosis in dogs: a retrospective study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385059/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37512898
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071726
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