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Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings

Earthquakes are cataclysmic events that can harm structures and human existence. The estimation of seismic damage to buildings remains a challenging task due to several environmental uncertainties. The damage grade categorization of a building takes a significant amount of time and work. The early a...

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Autores principales: Sri Preethaa, K. R., Munisamy, Shyamala Devi, Rajendran, Aruna, Muthuramalingam, Akila, Natarajan, Yuvaraj, Yusuf Ali, Ahmed Abdi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37514735
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146439
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author Sri Preethaa, K. R.
Munisamy, Shyamala Devi
Rajendran, Aruna
Muthuramalingam, Akila
Natarajan, Yuvaraj
Yusuf Ali, Ahmed Abdi
author_facet Sri Preethaa, K. R.
Munisamy, Shyamala Devi
Rajendran, Aruna
Muthuramalingam, Akila
Natarajan, Yuvaraj
Yusuf Ali, Ahmed Abdi
author_sort Sri Preethaa, K. R.
collection PubMed
description Earthquakes are cataclysmic events that can harm structures and human existence. The estimation of seismic damage to buildings remains a challenging task due to several environmental uncertainties. The damage grade categorization of a building takes a significant amount of time and work. The early analysis of the damage rate of concrete building structures is essential for addressing the need to repair and avoid accidents. With this motivation, an ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network (ASR-DFCNN) model is proposed that can grade damages accurately by considering significant damage features. A dataset containing 26 attributes from 762,106 damaged buildings was used for the model building. This work focused on analyzing the importance of feature selection and enhancing the accuracy of damage grade categorization. Initially, a dataset without primary feature selection was utilized for damage grade categorization using various machine learning (ML) classifiers, and the performance was recorded. Secondly, ANOVA was applied to the original dataset to eliminate the insignificant attributes for determining the damage grade. The selected features were subjected to 10-component principal component analysis (PCA) to scrutinize the top-ten-ranked significant features that contributed to grading the building damage. The 10-component ANOVA PCA-reduced (ASR) dataset was applied to the classifiers for damage grade prediction. The results showed that the Bagging classifier with the reduced dataset produced the greatest accuracy of 83% among all the classifiers considering an 80:20 ratio of data for the training and testing phases. To enhance the performance of prediction, a deep fully connected convolutional neural network (DFCNN) was implemented with a reduced dataset (ASR). The proposed ASR-DFCNN model was designed with the sequential keras model with four dense layers, with the first three dense layers fitted with the ReLU activation function and the final dense layer fitted with a tanh activation function with a dropout of 0.2. The ASR-DFCNN model was compiled with a NADAM optimizer with the weight decay of L2 regularization. The damage grade categorization performance of the ASR-DFCNN model was compared with that of other ML classifiers using precision, recall, F-Scores, and accuracy values. From the results, it is evident that the ASR-DFCNN model performance was better, with 98% accuracy.
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spelling pubmed-103850652023-07-30 Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings Sri Preethaa, K. R. Munisamy, Shyamala Devi Rajendran, Aruna Muthuramalingam, Akila Natarajan, Yuvaraj Yusuf Ali, Ahmed Abdi Sensors (Basel) Article Earthquakes are cataclysmic events that can harm structures and human existence. The estimation of seismic damage to buildings remains a challenging task due to several environmental uncertainties. The damage grade categorization of a building takes a significant amount of time and work. The early analysis of the damage rate of concrete building structures is essential for addressing the need to repair and avoid accidents. With this motivation, an ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network (ASR-DFCNN) model is proposed that can grade damages accurately by considering significant damage features. A dataset containing 26 attributes from 762,106 damaged buildings was used for the model building. This work focused on analyzing the importance of feature selection and enhancing the accuracy of damage grade categorization. Initially, a dataset without primary feature selection was utilized for damage grade categorization using various machine learning (ML) classifiers, and the performance was recorded. Secondly, ANOVA was applied to the original dataset to eliminate the insignificant attributes for determining the damage grade. The selected features were subjected to 10-component principal component analysis (PCA) to scrutinize the top-ten-ranked significant features that contributed to grading the building damage. The 10-component ANOVA PCA-reduced (ASR) dataset was applied to the classifiers for damage grade prediction. The results showed that the Bagging classifier with the reduced dataset produced the greatest accuracy of 83% among all the classifiers considering an 80:20 ratio of data for the training and testing phases. To enhance the performance of prediction, a deep fully connected convolutional neural network (DFCNN) was implemented with a reduced dataset (ASR). The proposed ASR-DFCNN model was designed with the sequential keras model with four dense layers, with the first three dense layers fitted with the ReLU activation function and the final dense layer fitted with a tanh activation function with a dropout of 0.2. The ASR-DFCNN model was compiled with a NADAM optimizer with the weight decay of L2 regularization. The damage grade categorization performance of the ASR-DFCNN model was compared with that of other ML classifiers using precision, recall, F-Scores, and accuracy values. From the results, it is evident that the ASR-DFCNN model performance was better, with 98% accuracy. MDPI 2023-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10385065/ /pubmed/37514735 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146439 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sri Preethaa, K. R.
Munisamy, Shyamala Devi
Rajendran, Aruna
Muthuramalingam, Akila
Natarajan, Yuvaraj
Yusuf Ali, Ahmed Abdi
Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings
title Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings
title_full Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings
title_fullStr Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings
title_full_unstemmed Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings
title_short Novel ANOVA-Statistic-Reduced Deep Fully Connected Neural Network for the Damage Grade Prediction of Post-Earthquake Buildings
title_sort novel anova-statistic-reduced deep fully connected neural network for the damage grade prediction of post-earthquake buildings
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37514735
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146439
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