The Effect of Mono and Hybrid Additives of Ceramic Nanoparticles on the Tribological Behavior and Mechanical Characteristics of an Al-Based Composite Matrix Produced by Friction Stir Processing

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an effective method for incorporating ceramic nanoparticles into metal matrix composites. This study investigated the effects of single and multiple additions of BN, VC, and SiC nanoparticles on the microstructure refinement and tribological behavior of an AA2024 alloy-based nanocomposite matrix fabricated by FSP. The results showed that adding ceramic nanoparticles, either singly or in combination, led to significant refinement of grain structure and improved wear resistance of the AA2024 alloy-based nanocomposite matrix. Additionally, the study found that combining BN, SiC, and VC nanoparticles produced the most effective effects on refining and reducing grain size. The microhardness behavior of the composite surface resulting from the hybrid particles showed a significant improvement, reaching 94% more than the base alloy. Overall, these results indicate that the multiple additions of ceramic nanoparticles by FSP are a promising approach to improve aluminum alloys’ tribological behavior and mechanical properties.