Recovery of Dissolved Hydrogen Sulfide from Various Wastewater Streams Using Membranes and Other Relevant Techniques: A Review

Given the significance of dissolved H(2)S, various techniques have been explored in the literature. The current review describes in detail the various membrane-based techniques, such as membrane contactors, for removing dissolved H(2)S from various wastewater streams. Various types of hydrophobic membranes have been used, with more emphasis placed on PVDF hollow fiber membranes. The hydrophobic membranes do not allow water to pass through, whereas H(2)S is readily allowed to pass through the membrane at ambient conditions. In addition, the use of monoethanol amine triazine (MEA-Triazine)- based H(2)S scavengers has also been described in detail, including the possible scavenging mechanism. The possibility of different types of byproducts has also been explained along with the possible routes to get rid of scavenger byproducts, such as apDTZ. The use of peroxy acetic acid has also been explained to oxidize and solubilize apDTZ. Furthermore, the use of vacuum-based dissolved H(2)S gas has also been described in detail. The application of the Knudsen and bulk diffusion models to the separation of dissolved H(2)S through the pores of the hollow fibers has also been explained. Finally, the future challenges and possible solutions along with concluding remarks have also been mentioned in the current review.