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Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination

Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing infections and other complications during pregnancy. Several mechanisms are involved in the immunological mechanisms that contribute to reduced immunity in these populations. Both obesity and diabetes are associated with ch...

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Autores principales: Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena, Grunwald, Arkadiusz, Rekowska, Anna K., Łomża, Aleksandra, Mekler, Julia, Santiago, Miracle, Kabała, Zuzanna, Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37515062
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071247
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author Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena
Grunwald, Arkadiusz
Rekowska, Anna K.
Łomża, Aleksandra
Mekler, Julia
Santiago, Miracle
Kabała, Zuzanna
Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta
Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena
author_facet Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena
Grunwald, Arkadiusz
Rekowska, Anna K.
Łomża, Aleksandra
Mekler, Julia
Santiago, Miracle
Kabała, Zuzanna
Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta
Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena
author_sort Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena
collection PubMed
description Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing infections and other complications during pregnancy. Several mechanisms are involved in the immunological mechanisms that contribute to reduced immunity in these populations. Both obesity and diabetes are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that can lead to an overactive immune response. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes often have an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, leptin, and resistin, which are involved in the inflammatory response. Insulin resistance can also affect the functioning of immune cells. Furthermore, both conditions alter the composition of the gut microbiome, which produces a variety of biomolecules, including short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and other metabolites. These substances may contribute to immune dysfunction. In addition to increasing the risk of infections, obesity and diabetes can also affect the efficacy of vaccinations in pregnant women. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing severe illness and complications from COVID-19, but COVID-19 vaccination may help protect them and their fetuses from infection and its associated risks. Since both obesity and diabetes classify a pregnancy as high risk, it is important to elucidate the impact of these diseases on immunity and vaccination during pregnancy. Research examining the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in a high-risk pregnant population should be of particular value to obstetricians whose patients are hesitant to vaccinate during pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and to develop effective interventions to improve immune function in these populations.
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spelling pubmed-103854892023-07-30 Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena Grunwald, Arkadiusz Rekowska, Anna K. Łomża, Aleksandra Mekler, Julia Santiago, Miracle Kabała, Zuzanna Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena Vaccines (Basel) Review Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing infections and other complications during pregnancy. Several mechanisms are involved in the immunological mechanisms that contribute to reduced immunity in these populations. Both obesity and diabetes are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that can lead to an overactive immune response. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes often have an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, leptin, and resistin, which are involved in the inflammatory response. Insulin resistance can also affect the functioning of immune cells. Furthermore, both conditions alter the composition of the gut microbiome, which produces a variety of biomolecules, including short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and other metabolites. These substances may contribute to immune dysfunction. In addition to increasing the risk of infections, obesity and diabetes can also affect the efficacy of vaccinations in pregnant women. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing severe illness and complications from COVID-19, but COVID-19 vaccination may help protect them and their fetuses from infection and its associated risks. Since both obesity and diabetes classify a pregnancy as high risk, it is important to elucidate the impact of these diseases on immunity and vaccination during pregnancy. Research examining the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in a high-risk pregnant population should be of particular value to obstetricians whose patients are hesitant to vaccinate during pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and to develop effective interventions to improve immune function in these populations. MDPI 2023-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10385489/ /pubmed/37515062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071247 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena
Grunwald, Arkadiusz
Rekowska, Anna K.
Łomża, Aleksandra
Mekler, Julia
Santiago, Miracle
Kabała, Zuzanna
Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta
Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena
Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination
title Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination
title_full Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination
title_fullStr Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination
title_short Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination
title_sort impact of obesity and diabetes in pregnant women on their immunity and vaccination
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37515062
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071247
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