Cargando…
Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination
Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing infections and other complications during pregnancy. Several mechanisms are involved in the immunological mechanisms that contribute to reduced immunity in these populations. Both obesity and diabetes are associated with ch...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37515062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071247 |
_version_ | 1785081420442501120 |
---|---|
author | Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena Grunwald, Arkadiusz Rekowska, Anna K. Łomża, Aleksandra Mekler, Julia Santiago, Miracle Kabała, Zuzanna Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena |
author_facet | Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena Grunwald, Arkadiusz Rekowska, Anna K. Łomża, Aleksandra Mekler, Julia Santiago, Miracle Kabała, Zuzanna Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena |
author_sort | Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing infections and other complications during pregnancy. Several mechanisms are involved in the immunological mechanisms that contribute to reduced immunity in these populations. Both obesity and diabetes are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that can lead to an overactive immune response. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes often have an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, leptin, and resistin, which are involved in the inflammatory response. Insulin resistance can also affect the functioning of immune cells. Furthermore, both conditions alter the composition of the gut microbiome, which produces a variety of biomolecules, including short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and other metabolites. These substances may contribute to immune dysfunction. In addition to increasing the risk of infections, obesity and diabetes can also affect the efficacy of vaccinations in pregnant women. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing severe illness and complications from COVID-19, but COVID-19 vaccination may help protect them and their fetuses from infection and its associated risks. Since both obesity and diabetes classify a pregnancy as high risk, it is important to elucidate the impact of these diseases on immunity and vaccination during pregnancy. Research examining the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in a high-risk pregnant population should be of particular value to obstetricians whose patients are hesitant to vaccinate during pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and to develop effective interventions to improve immune function in these populations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10385489 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103854892023-07-30 Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena Grunwald, Arkadiusz Rekowska, Anna K. Łomża, Aleksandra Mekler, Julia Santiago, Miracle Kabała, Zuzanna Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena Vaccines (Basel) Review Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing infections and other complications during pregnancy. Several mechanisms are involved in the immunological mechanisms that contribute to reduced immunity in these populations. Both obesity and diabetes are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that can lead to an overactive immune response. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes often have an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, leptin, and resistin, which are involved in the inflammatory response. Insulin resistance can also affect the functioning of immune cells. Furthermore, both conditions alter the composition of the gut microbiome, which produces a variety of biomolecules, including short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and other metabolites. These substances may contribute to immune dysfunction. In addition to increasing the risk of infections, obesity and diabetes can also affect the efficacy of vaccinations in pregnant women. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing severe illness and complications from COVID-19, but COVID-19 vaccination may help protect them and their fetuses from infection and its associated risks. Since both obesity and diabetes classify a pregnancy as high risk, it is important to elucidate the impact of these diseases on immunity and vaccination during pregnancy. Research examining the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in a high-risk pregnant population should be of particular value to obstetricians whose patients are hesitant to vaccinate during pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and to develop effective interventions to improve immune function in these populations. MDPI 2023-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10385489/ /pubmed/37515062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071247 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wierzchowska-Opoka, Magdalena Grunwald, Arkadiusz Rekowska, Anna K. Łomża, Aleksandra Mekler, Julia Santiago, Miracle Kabała, Zuzanna Kimber-Trojnar, Żaneta Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, Bożena Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination |
title | Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination |
title_full | Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination |
title_fullStr | Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination |
title_short | Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination |
title_sort | impact of obesity and diabetes in pregnant women on their immunity and vaccination |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37515062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071247 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wierzchowskaopokamagdalena impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination AT grunwaldarkadiusz impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination AT rekowskaannak impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination AT łomzaaleksandra impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination AT meklerjulia impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination AT santiagomiracle impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination AT kabałazuzanna impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination AT kimbertrojnarzaneta impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination AT leszczynskagorzelakbozena impactofobesityanddiabetesinpregnantwomenontheirimmunityandvaccination |