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Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is usually characterized as a multi-step process starting with the development of proembryogenic cell masses and followed by histodifferentiation, somatic embryo development, maturation, desiccation, and plant regeneration. Our current understanding of conifers...

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Autores principales: Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas, Moraes, Paula Eduarda Cardoso, Vieira, Leila do Nascimento, Guerra, Miguel Pedro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385530/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37514262
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142648
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author Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas
Moraes, Paula Eduarda Cardoso
Vieira, Leila do Nascimento
Guerra, Miguel Pedro
author_facet Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas
Moraes, Paula Eduarda Cardoso
Vieira, Leila do Nascimento
Guerra, Miguel Pedro
author_sort Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas
collection PubMed
description Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is usually characterized as a multi-step process starting with the development of proembryogenic cell masses and followed by histodifferentiation, somatic embryo development, maturation, desiccation, and plant regeneration. Our current understanding of conifers’ SE is mainly derived from studies using Pinaceae species as a model. However, the evolutionary relationships between conifers are not clear. Some hypotheses consider conifers as a paraphyletic group and Gnetales as a closely related clade. In this review, we used an integrated approach in order to cover the advances in knowledge on SE in conifers and Gnetales, discussing the state-of-the-art and shedding light on similarities and current bottlenecks. With this approach, we expect to be able to better understand the integration of these clades within current studies on SE. Finally, the points discussed raise an intriguing question: are non-Pinaceae conifers less prone to expressing embryogenic competence and generating somatic embryos as compared to Pinaceae species? The development of fundamental studies focused on this morphogenetic route in the coming years could be the key to finding a higher number of points in common between these species, allowing the success of the SE of one species to positively affect the success of another.
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spelling pubmed-103855302023-07-30 Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All? Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Moraes, Paula Eduarda Cardoso Vieira, Leila do Nascimento Guerra, Miguel Pedro Plants (Basel) Review Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is usually characterized as a multi-step process starting with the development of proembryogenic cell masses and followed by histodifferentiation, somatic embryo development, maturation, desiccation, and plant regeneration. Our current understanding of conifers’ SE is mainly derived from studies using Pinaceae species as a model. However, the evolutionary relationships between conifers are not clear. Some hypotheses consider conifers as a paraphyletic group and Gnetales as a closely related clade. In this review, we used an integrated approach in order to cover the advances in knowledge on SE in conifers and Gnetales, discussing the state-of-the-art and shedding light on similarities and current bottlenecks. With this approach, we expect to be able to better understand the integration of these clades within current studies on SE. Finally, the points discussed raise an intriguing question: are non-Pinaceae conifers less prone to expressing embryogenic competence and generating somatic embryos as compared to Pinaceae species? The development of fundamental studies focused on this morphogenetic route in the coming years could be the key to finding a higher number of points in common between these species, allowing the success of the SE of one species to positively affect the success of another. MDPI 2023-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10385530/ /pubmed/37514262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142648 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas
Moraes, Paula Eduarda Cardoso
Vieira, Leila do Nascimento
Guerra, Miguel Pedro
Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?
title Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?
title_full Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?
title_fullStr Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?
title_full_unstemmed Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?
title_short Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?
title_sort somatic embryogenesis in conifers: one clade to rule them all?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385530/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37514262
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142648
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