Cargando…

Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head

Type II grass carp reovirus (GCRV-II) with high pathogenicity and infectivity causes severe hemorrhagic disease, which leads to extensive death in the grass carp and black carp aquaculture. However, the early invasion portal remains unclear. In this study, we explored the invasion portal, time, and...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhu, Wentao, Qiao, Meihua, Hu, Meidi, Huo, Xingchen, Zhang, Yongan, Su, Jianguo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385732/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37515300
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15071614
_version_ 1785081482216210432
author Zhu, Wentao
Qiao, Meihua
Hu, Meidi
Huo, Xingchen
Zhang, Yongan
Su, Jianguo
author_facet Zhu, Wentao
Qiao, Meihua
Hu, Meidi
Huo, Xingchen
Zhang, Yongan
Su, Jianguo
author_sort Zhu, Wentao
collection PubMed
description Type II grass carp reovirus (GCRV-II) with high pathogenicity and infectivity causes severe hemorrhagic disease, which leads to extensive death in the grass carp and black carp aquaculture. However, the early invasion portal remains unclear. In this study, we explored the invasion portal, time, and pathway of GCRV-II by immersion infection in grass carp. Through the detection of the infected grass carp external body surface tissues, most of them could be detected to carry GCRV-II within 45 min except for the skin covered by scales. Further shortening the duration of infection, we proved that GCRV-II rapidly invades through the nostril (especially), gill, and skin on head at only 5 min post-immersion, rather than merely by adhesion. Subsequently, visual localization investigations of GCRV-II were conducted on the nostril, olfactory system (olfactory bulb and olfactory tract), and brain via immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We found that few viruses were located in the nostril at 5 min post-immersion infection, while a significantly increased quantity of viruses were distributed in all of the examined tissues at 45 min. Furthermore, the semi-qRT-PCR and Western blotting results of different infection times confirmed that GCRV-II invades grass carp via the nostril–olfactory system–brain axis and then viral replication unfolds. These results revealed the infection mechanism of GCRV-II in terms of the invasion portal, time, and pathway in grass carp. This study aims to understand the invasion mode of GCRV-II in grass carp, thus providing theoretical support for the prevention and control strategies of hemorrhagic disease.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10385732
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-103857322023-07-30 Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head Zhu, Wentao Qiao, Meihua Hu, Meidi Huo, Xingchen Zhang, Yongan Su, Jianguo Viruses Article Type II grass carp reovirus (GCRV-II) with high pathogenicity and infectivity causes severe hemorrhagic disease, which leads to extensive death in the grass carp and black carp aquaculture. However, the early invasion portal remains unclear. In this study, we explored the invasion portal, time, and pathway of GCRV-II by immersion infection in grass carp. Through the detection of the infected grass carp external body surface tissues, most of them could be detected to carry GCRV-II within 45 min except for the skin covered by scales. Further shortening the duration of infection, we proved that GCRV-II rapidly invades through the nostril (especially), gill, and skin on head at only 5 min post-immersion, rather than merely by adhesion. Subsequently, visual localization investigations of GCRV-II were conducted on the nostril, olfactory system (olfactory bulb and olfactory tract), and brain via immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We found that few viruses were located in the nostril at 5 min post-immersion infection, while a significantly increased quantity of viruses were distributed in all of the examined tissues at 45 min. Furthermore, the semi-qRT-PCR and Western blotting results of different infection times confirmed that GCRV-II invades grass carp via the nostril–olfactory system–brain axis and then viral replication unfolds. These results revealed the infection mechanism of GCRV-II in terms of the invasion portal, time, and pathway in grass carp. This study aims to understand the invasion mode of GCRV-II in grass carp, thus providing theoretical support for the prevention and control strategies of hemorrhagic disease. MDPI 2023-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10385732/ /pubmed/37515300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15071614 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhu, Wentao
Qiao, Meihua
Hu, Meidi
Huo, Xingchen
Zhang, Yongan
Su, Jianguo
Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head
title Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head
title_full Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head
title_fullStr Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head
title_full_unstemmed Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head
title_short Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via Nostril–Olfactory System–Brain Axis, Gill, and Skin on Head
title_sort type ii grass carp reovirus rapidly invades grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) via nostril–olfactory system–brain axis, gill, and skin on head
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385732/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37515300
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15071614
work_keys_str_mv AT zhuwentao typeiigrasscarpreovirusrapidlyinvadesgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidellavianostrilolfactorysystembrainaxisgillandskinonhead
AT qiaomeihua typeiigrasscarpreovirusrapidlyinvadesgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidellavianostrilolfactorysystembrainaxisgillandskinonhead
AT humeidi typeiigrasscarpreovirusrapidlyinvadesgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidellavianostrilolfactorysystembrainaxisgillandskinonhead
AT huoxingchen typeiigrasscarpreovirusrapidlyinvadesgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidellavianostrilolfactorysystembrainaxisgillandskinonhead
AT zhangyongan typeiigrasscarpreovirusrapidlyinvadesgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidellavianostrilolfactorysystembrainaxisgillandskinonhead
AT sujianguo typeiigrasscarpreovirusrapidlyinvadesgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidellavianostrilolfactorysystembrainaxisgillandskinonhead