Cargando…

Air, Dermal, and Urinary Metabolite Levels of Backpack and Tractor Sprayers Using the Herbicide Acetochlor in Thailand

Acetochlor is a chloroacetanilide selective pre-emergent herbicide used for controlling grass and broadleaf weeds in crops. This study compared the acetochlor exposures of backpack and tractor sprayers and assessed whether dermal or air exposures were more important contributors to the overall body...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kallayanatham, Nichcha, Pengpumkiat, Sumate, Kongtip, Pornpimol, Pundee, Ritthirong, Nankongnab, Noppanun, Kongtawelert, Amarin, Woskie, Susan R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385972/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505587
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070622
_version_ 1785081545024864256
author Kallayanatham, Nichcha
Pengpumkiat, Sumate
Kongtip, Pornpimol
Pundee, Ritthirong
Nankongnab, Noppanun
Kongtawelert, Amarin
Woskie, Susan R.
author_facet Kallayanatham, Nichcha
Pengpumkiat, Sumate
Kongtip, Pornpimol
Pundee, Ritthirong
Nankongnab, Noppanun
Kongtawelert, Amarin
Woskie, Susan R.
author_sort Kallayanatham, Nichcha
collection PubMed
description Acetochlor is a chloroacetanilide selective pre-emergent herbicide used for controlling grass and broadleaf weeds in crops. This study compared the acetochlor exposures of backpack and tractor sprayers and assessed whether dermal or air exposures were more important contributors to the overall body burden as measured by urinary metabolites. Sixty sugarcane farmers in Nakhonsawan province, Thailand participated in the study, and breathing zone air and dermal patch samples were collected during spraying. Urine samples were collected before spraying, at the end of the spraying task, and on the day after spraying. For backpack and tractor sprayers, there was no significant difference in their breathing zone air concentrations, total body dermal samples, or urinary 2-methy-6-methyaniline (EMA) concentrations on the day after spraying. In addition, although most backpack and tractor sprayers wore long pants and long sleeve shirts, they were still exposed to acetochlor, as evidenced by a significant increase in the urinary EMA from before spraying (GM = 11.5 µg/g creatinine) to after spraying (GM = 88.5 µg/g creatinine) to the next day (GM = 111.0 µg/g creatinine). Breathing zone air samples were significantly correlated with those of total body dermal patch samples and with urinary EMA concentrations after spraying. This suggests that both air and dermal exposure contribute to urinary EMA levels.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10385972
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-103859722023-07-30 Air, Dermal, and Urinary Metabolite Levels of Backpack and Tractor Sprayers Using the Herbicide Acetochlor in Thailand Kallayanatham, Nichcha Pengpumkiat, Sumate Kongtip, Pornpimol Pundee, Ritthirong Nankongnab, Noppanun Kongtawelert, Amarin Woskie, Susan R. Toxics Article Acetochlor is a chloroacetanilide selective pre-emergent herbicide used for controlling grass and broadleaf weeds in crops. This study compared the acetochlor exposures of backpack and tractor sprayers and assessed whether dermal or air exposures were more important contributors to the overall body burden as measured by urinary metabolites. Sixty sugarcane farmers in Nakhonsawan province, Thailand participated in the study, and breathing zone air and dermal patch samples were collected during spraying. Urine samples were collected before spraying, at the end of the spraying task, and on the day after spraying. For backpack and tractor sprayers, there was no significant difference in their breathing zone air concentrations, total body dermal samples, or urinary 2-methy-6-methyaniline (EMA) concentrations on the day after spraying. In addition, although most backpack and tractor sprayers wore long pants and long sleeve shirts, they were still exposed to acetochlor, as evidenced by a significant increase in the urinary EMA from before spraying (GM = 11.5 µg/g creatinine) to after spraying (GM = 88.5 µg/g creatinine) to the next day (GM = 111.0 µg/g creatinine). Breathing zone air samples were significantly correlated with those of total body dermal patch samples and with urinary EMA concentrations after spraying. This suggests that both air and dermal exposure contribute to urinary EMA levels. MDPI 2023-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10385972/ /pubmed/37505587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070622 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kallayanatham, Nichcha
Pengpumkiat, Sumate
Kongtip, Pornpimol
Pundee, Ritthirong
Nankongnab, Noppanun
Kongtawelert, Amarin
Woskie, Susan R.
Air, Dermal, and Urinary Metabolite Levels of Backpack and Tractor Sprayers Using the Herbicide Acetochlor in Thailand
title Air, Dermal, and Urinary Metabolite Levels of Backpack and Tractor Sprayers Using the Herbicide Acetochlor in Thailand
title_full Air, Dermal, and Urinary Metabolite Levels of Backpack and Tractor Sprayers Using the Herbicide Acetochlor in Thailand
title_fullStr Air, Dermal, and Urinary Metabolite Levels of Backpack and Tractor Sprayers Using the Herbicide Acetochlor in Thailand
title_full_unstemmed Air, Dermal, and Urinary Metabolite Levels of Backpack and Tractor Sprayers Using the Herbicide Acetochlor in Thailand
title_short Air, Dermal, and Urinary Metabolite Levels of Backpack and Tractor Sprayers Using the Herbicide Acetochlor in Thailand
title_sort air, dermal, and urinary metabolite levels of backpack and tractor sprayers using the herbicide acetochlor in thailand
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10385972/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505587
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070622
work_keys_str_mv AT kallayanathamnichcha airdermalandurinarymetabolitelevelsofbackpackandtractorsprayersusingtheherbicideacetochlorinthailand
AT pengpumkiatsumate airdermalandurinarymetabolitelevelsofbackpackandtractorsprayersusingtheherbicideacetochlorinthailand
AT kongtippornpimol airdermalandurinarymetabolitelevelsofbackpackandtractorsprayersusingtheherbicideacetochlorinthailand
AT pundeeritthirong airdermalandurinarymetabolitelevelsofbackpackandtractorsprayersusingtheherbicideacetochlorinthailand
AT nankongnabnoppanun airdermalandurinarymetabolitelevelsofbackpackandtractorsprayersusingtheherbicideacetochlorinthailand
AT kongtawelertamarin airdermalandurinarymetabolitelevelsofbackpackandtractorsprayersusingtheherbicideacetochlorinthailand
AT woskiesusanr airdermalandurinarymetabolitelevelsofbackpackandtractorsprayersusingtheherbicideacetochlorinthailand