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One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs

Brazilian quilombos are rural semi-isolated remnant communities of former black slaves and their descendants who traditionally maintained themselves through archaic subsistence livestock and agriculture practices and historically lacked specific public health policies. Although such individuals and...

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Autores principales: Panazzolo, Giovanni Kalempa, Kmetiuk, Louise Bach, Domingues, Orlei José, Farinhas, João Henrique, Doline, Fernando Rodrigo, de França, Danilo Alves, Rodrigues, Nássarah Jabur Lot, Biondo, Leandro Meneguelli, Giuffrida, Rogério, Langoni, Helio, Santarém, Vamilton Alvares, Biondo, Alexander Welker, Fávero, Giovani Marino
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386098/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505673
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070377
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author Panazzolo, Giovanni Kalempa
Kmetiuk, Louise Bach
Domingues, Orlei José
Farinhas, João Henrique
Doline, Fernando Rodrigo
de França, Danilo Alves
Rodrigues, Nássarah Jabur Lot
Biondo, Leandro Meneguelli
Giuffrida, Rogério
Langoni, Helio
Santarém, Vamilton Alvares
Biondo, Alexander Welker
Fávero, Giovani Marino
author_facet Panazzolo, Giovanni Kalempa
Kmetiuk, Louise Bach
Domingues, Orlei José
Farinhas, João Henrique
Doline, Fernando Rodrigo
de França, Danilo Alves
Rodrigues, Nássarah Jabur Lot
Biondo, Leandro Meneguelli
Giuffrida, Rogério
Langoni, Helio
Santarém, Vamilton Alvares
Biondo, Alexander Welker
Fávero, Giovani Marino
author_sort Panazzolo, Giovanni Kalempa
collection PubMed
description Brazilian quilombos are rural semi-isolated remnant communities of former black slaves and their descendants who traditionally maintained themselves through archaic subsistence livestock and agriculture practices and historically lacked specific public health policies. Although such individuals and their dogs may be exposed to zoonotic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, no study to date has assessed these human-animal populations together. Populations in four different Brazilian quilombos in southern Brazil were evaluated. Overall, 93/208 people (44.7%) and 63/100 dogs (63.0%) were seropositive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), 4/208 (1.9%) human samples seropositive for IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, with a human-dog seropositivity ratio for IgG of 0.71. Quilombola individuals ingesting game meat were 2.43-fold more likely (95% CI: 1.05–5.9) to be seropositive. No risk factors were associated with seropositivity among dogs, thus suggesting that their exposure to T. gondii was random. Surprisingly, our research group had previously found an inverted human-dog ratio for T. gondii seropositivity of 2.54 in the urban area of a nearby major city. Because consumption of raw/undercooked game meat by quilombola individuals may have contributed to higher exposure, higher overall seroprevalence among dogs may have also indicated interaction with wildlife. Although these dogs may hunt wildlife without their owners’ awareness, the higher dog seropositivity may also be related to feeding from discarded food in the community or backyard livestock animals and drinking surface water contaminated with oocysts. Thus, wildlife cannot be singled out as the reason, and future studies should consider sampling water, soil, wildlife, and livestock tissues, to fully establish the source of infection in dogs herein.
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spelling pubmed-103860982023-07-30 One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs Panazzolo, Giovanni Kalempa Kmetiuk, Louise Bach Domingues, Orlei José Farinhas, João Henrique Doline, Fernando Rodrigo de França, Danilo Alves Rodrigues, Nássarah Jabur Lot Biondo, Leandro Meneguelli Giuffrida, Rogério Langoni, Helio Santarém, Vamilton Alvares Biondo, Alexander Welker Fávero, Giovani Marino Trop Med Infect Dis Brief Report Brazilian quilombos are rural semi-isolated remnant communities of former black slaves and their descendants who traditionally maintained themselves through archaic subsistence livestock and agriculture practices and historically lacked specific public health policies. Although such individuals and their dogs may be exposed to zoonotic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, no study to date has assessed these human-animal populations together. Populations in four different Brazilian quilombos in southern Brazil were evaluated. Overall, 93/208 people (44.7%) and 63/100 dogs (63.0%) were seropositive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), 4/208 (1.9%) human samples seropositive for IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, with a human-dog seropositivity ratio for IgG of 0.71. Quilombola individuals ingesting game meat were 2.43-fold more likely (95% CI: 1.05–5.9) to be seropositive. No risk factors were associated with seropositivity among dogs, thus suggesting that their exposure to T. gondii was random. Surprisingly, our research group had previously found an inverted human-dog ratio for T. gondii seropositivity of 2.54 in the urban area of a nearby major city. Because consumption of raw/undercooked game meat by quilombola individuals may have contributed to higher exposure, higher overall seroprevalence among dogs may have also indicated interaction with wildlife. Although these dogs may hunt wildlife without their owners’ awareness, the higher dog seropositivity may also be related to feeding from discarded food in the community or backyard livestock animals and drinking surface water contaminated with oocysts. Thus, wildlife cannot be singled out as the reason, and future studies should consider sampling water, soil, wildlife, and livestock tissues, to fully establish the source of infection in dogs herein. MDPI 2023-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10386098/ /pubmed/37505673 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070377 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Brief Report
Panazzolo, Giovanni Kalempa
Kmetiuk, Louise Bach
Domingues, Orlei José
Farinhas, João Henrique
Doline, Fernando Rodrigo
de França, Danilo Alves
Rodrigues, Nássarah Jabur Lot
Biondo, Leandro Meneguelli
Giuffrida, Rogério
Langoni, Helio
Santarém, Vamilton Alvares
Biondo, Alexander Welker
Fávero, Giovani Marino
One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs
title One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs
title_full One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs
title_fullStr One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs
title_full_unstemmed One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs
title_short One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs
title_sort one health approach in serosurvey of toxoplasma gondii in former black slave (quilombola) communities in southern brazil and among their dogs
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386098/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505673
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070377
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