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A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography
Miniaturization of liquid chromatography could help enhance sensitivity, reduce solvent usage, and detect small quantities of peptides. However, it demands better sample homogenization of the mobile phase. We here developed a mixer design based on the inline Kenics geometry, consisting of a periodic...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386428/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37512684 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071373 |
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author | Dsk, Prachet Fodor, Petru S. Kothapalli, Chandrasekhar R. |
author_facet | Dsk, Prachet Fodor, Petru S. Kothapalli, Chandrasekhar R. |
author_sort | Dsk, Prachet |
collection | PubMed |
description | Miniaturization of liquid chromatography could help enhance sensitivity, reduce solvent usage, and detect small quantities of peptides. However, it demands better sample homogenization of the mobile phase. We here developed a mixer design based on the inline Kenics geometry, consisting of a periodic arrangement of twisted blades placed inside a cylindrical capillary that repeatedly cut and stack fluid elements to achieve rapid mixing in laminar flow regimes. The mixer design was optimized with respect to the twist angle and aspect ratio of the mixing units to achieve complete mixing at minimum pressure load cost. Results suggest that for optimal designs, for a mixer volume of ~70 μL, complete mixing is achieved within a distance smaller than 4 cm for a broad set of flow rate conditions ranging from 75 μL·min(−1) to 7.5 mL·min(−1). A salient feature that we introduce and test for the first time is the physical flexibility of the cylindrical capillary. The performance of the design remained robust when the mixing section was not rigid and bent in different topologies, as well as when changing the chemical composition of the mobile phase used. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10386428 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103864282023-07-30 A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography Dsk, Prachet Fodor, Petru S. Kothapalli, Chandrasekhar R. Micromachines (Basel) Article Miniaturization of liquid chromatography could help enhance sensitivity, reduce solvent usage, and detect small quantities of peptides. However, it demands better sample homogenization of the mobile phase. We here developed a mixer design based on the inline Kenics geometry, consisting of a periodic arrangement of twisted blades placed inside a cylindrical capillary that repeatedly cut and stack fluid elements to achieve rapid mixing in laminar flow regimes. The mixer design was optimized with respect to the twist angle and aspect ratio of the mixing units to achieve complete mixing at minimum pressure load cost. Results suggest that for optimal designs, for a mixer volume of ~70 μL, complete mixing is achieved within a distance smaller than 4 cm for a broad set of flow rate conditions ranging from 75 μL·min(−1) to 7.5 mL·min(−1). A salient feature that we introduce and test for the first time is the physical flexibility of the cylindrical capillary. The performance of the design remained robust when the mixing section was not rigid and bent in different topologies, as well as when changing the chemical composition of the mobile phase used. MDPI 2023-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10386428/ /pubmed/37512684 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071373 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dsk, Prachet Fodor, Petru S. Kothapalli, Chandrasekhar R. A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography |
title | A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography |
title_full | A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography |
title_fullStr | A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography |
title_full_unstemmed | A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography |
title_short | A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography |
title_sort | flexible kenics mixer for applications in liquid chromatography |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10386428/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37512684 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071373 |
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