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Identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among People Who Use Drugs in Canada: a National Qualitative Study

BACKGROUND: People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) have lower vaccination uptake than the general population, and disproportionately experience the burden of harms from vaccine-preventable diseases. We conducted a national qualitative study to: (1) identify the barriers and facilitators to receiving COVID-19 v...

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Autores principales: Ali, Farihah, Kaura, Ashima, Russell, Cayley, Bonn, Matthew, Bruneau, Julie, Dasgupta, Nabarun, Imtiaz, Sameer, Martel-Laferrière, Valérie, Rehm, Jürgen, Shahin, Rita, Elton-Marshall, Tara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37516836
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00826-6
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author Ali, Farihah
Kaura, Ashima
Russell, Cayley
Bonn, Matthew
Bruneau, Julie
Dasgupta, Nabarun
Imtiaz, Sameer
Martel-Laferrière, Valérie
Rehm, Jürgen
Shahin, Rita
Elton-Marshall, Tara
author_facet Ali, Farihah
Kaura, Ashima
Russell, Cayley
Bonn, Matthew
Bruneau, Julie
Dasgupta, Nabarun
Imtiaz, Sameer
Martel-Laferrière, Valérie
Rehm, Jürgen
Shahin, Rita
Elton-Marshall, Tara
author_sort Ali, Farihah
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) have lower vaccination uptake than the general population, and disproportionately experience the burden of harms from vaccine-preventable diseases. We conducted a national qualitative study to: (1) identify the barriers and facilitators to receiving COVID-19 vaccinations among PWUD; and (2) identify interventions to support PWUD in their decision-making. METHODS: Between March and October 2022, semi-structured interviews with PWUD across Canada were conducted. Fully vaccinated (2 or more doses) and partially or unvaccinated (1 dose or less) participants were recruited from a convenience sample to participate in telephone interviews to discuss facilitators, barriers, and concerns about receiving COVID-19 vaccines and subsequent boosters, and ways to address concerns. A total of 78 PWUD participated in the study, with 50 participants being fully vaccinated and 28 participants partially or unvaccinated. Using thematic analysis, interviews were coded based on the capability, opportunity, and motivation-behavior (COM-B) framework. RESULTS: Many partially or unvaccinated participants reported lacking knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, particularly in terms of its usefulness and benefits. Some participants reported lacking knowledge around potential long-term side effects of the vaccine, and the differences of the various vaccine brands. Distrust toward government and healthcare agencies, the unprecedented rapidity of vaccine development and skepticism of vaccine effectiveness were also noted as barriers. Facilitators for vaccination included a desire to protect oneself or others and compliance with government mandates which required individuals to get vaccinated in order to access services, attend work or travel. To improve vaccination uptake, the most trusted and appropriate avenues for vaccination information sharing were identified by participants to be people with lived and living experience with drug use (PWLLE), harm reduction workers, or healthcare providers working within settings commonly visited by PWUD. CONCLUSION: PWLLE should be supported to design tailored information to reduce barriers and address mistrust. Resources addressing knowledge gaps should be disseminated in areas and through organizations where PWUD frequently access, such as harm reduction services and social media platforms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12954-023-00826-6.
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spelling pubmed-103872012023-07-31 Identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among People Who Use Drugs in Canada: a National Qualitative Study Ali, Farihah Kaura, Ashima Russell, Cayley Bonn, Matthew Bruneau, Julie Dasgupta, Nabarun Imtiaz, Sameer Martel-Laferrière, Valérie Rehm, Jürgen Shahin, Rita Elton-Marshall, Tara Harm Reduct J Research BACKGROUND: People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) have lower vaccination uptake than the general population, and disproportionately experience the burden of harms from vaccine-preventable diseases. We conducted a national qualitative study to: (1) identify the barriers and facilitators to receiving COVID-19 vaccinations among PWUD; and (2) identify interventions to support PWUD in their decision-making. METHODS: Between March and October 2022, semi-structured interviews with PWUD across Canada were conducted. Fully vaccinated (2 or more doses) and partially or unvaccinated (1 dose or less) participants were recruited from a convenience sample to participate in telephone interviews to discuss facilitators, barriers, and concerns about receiving COVID-19 vaccines and subsequent boosters, and ways to address concerns. A total of 78 PWUD participated in the study, with 50 participants being fully vaccinated and 28 participants partially or unvaccinated. Using thematic analysis, interviews were coded based on the capability, opportunity, and motivation-behavior (COM-B) framework. RESULTS: Many partially or unvaccinated participants reported lacking knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, particularly in terms of its usefulness and benefits. Some participants reported lacking knowledge around potential long-term side effects of the vaccine, and the differences of the various vaccine brands. Distrust toward government and healthcare agencies, the unprecedented rapidity of vaccine development and skepticism of vaccine effectiveness were also noted as barriers. Facilitators for vaccination included a desire to protect oneself or others and compliance with government mandates which required individuals to get vaccinated in order to access services, attend work or travel. To improve vaccination uptake, the most trusted and appropriate avenues for vaccination information sharing were identified by participants to be people with lived and living experience with drug use (PWLLE), harm reduction workers, or healthcare providers working within settings commonly visited by PWUD. CONCLUSION: PWLLE should be supported to design tailored information to reduce barriers and address mistrust. Resources addressing knowledge gaps should be disseminated in areas and through organizations where PWUD frequently access, such as harm reduction services and social media platforms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12954-023-00826-6. BioMed Central 2023-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10387201/ /pubmed/37516836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00826-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Ali, Farihah
Kaura, Ashima
Russell, Cayley
Bonn, Matthew
Bruneau, Julie
Dasgupta, Nabarun
Imtiaz, Sameer
Martel-Laferrière, Valérie
Rehm, Jürgen
Shahin, Rita
Elton-Marshall, Tara
Identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among People Who Use Drugs in Canada: a National Qualitative Study
title Identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among People Who Use Drugs in Canada: a National Qualitative Study
title_full Identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among People Who Use Drugs in Canada: a National Qualitative Study
title_fullStr Identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among People Who Use Drugs in Canada: a National Qualitative Study
title_full_unstemmed Identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among People Who Use Drugs in Canada: a National Qualitative Study
title_short Identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among People Who Use Drugs in Canada: a National Qualitative Study
title_sort identifying barriers and facilitators to covid-19 vaccination uptake among people who use drugs in canada: a national qualitative study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37516836
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00826-6
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