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Laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en Corse

The observation of miasmas and fevers was attested in the region of Biguglia, South of Bastia, in 1499, confirmed during the 17(th) century. Drainage works on the eastern coast were started in 1770, abandoned during the revolutionary period, restarted under the Second Empire, with few results on the...

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Autor principal: Gazin, Pierre
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MTSI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37525639
http://dx.doi.org/10.48327/mtsi.v3i1.2023.309
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author Gazin, Pierre
author_facet Gazin, Pierre
author_sort Gazin, Pierre
collection PubMed
description The observation of miasmas and fevers was attested in the region of Biguglia, South of Bastia, in 1499, confirmed during the 17(th) century. Drainage works on the eastern coast were started in 1770, abandoned during the revolutionary period, restarted under the Second Empire, with few results on the endemic. Thus in 1875, 80% of the inhabitants of the eastern plain were considered on their appearance to suffer malaria. The rural population was miserable, the mortality high. However, it was not possible to distinguish the responsibility of malaria among the other fevers. In 1899 and following years, A. Laveran was in Corsica. He confirmed the presence of Anopheles in the localities where malaria was present. He encouraged the creation in Bastia in 1902 of the Corsican League against Malaria and he chaired it. The actions of this League were based on the fight against the larvae by chemical destruction, on the use of mosquito nets and on massive and free preventive “quininisation”. A sanitation and development law for Corsica was passed in 1911. Initial results were observed, confirmed by Léger and Arlo (1913) [6]. After WW1, the activities started again, in particular by Sergent and Sergent. An antimalarial application station, subsidized by the Rockefeller Foundation, was created in Bastia in 1925, supported by the laboratory of parasitology of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Plasmodium falciparum was predominant, transmitted essentially by Anopheles labranchiae of the maculipennis complex, up to an altitude of 500 m. The role of population displacements, linked to pastoral practices, the absence of stables and therefore of zoonotic deviation of anopheles were underlined. The liberation of Corsica in October 1943 allowed the installation by the American army of numerous airfields on the eastern plain. An intense local mosquito control by DDT was then carried out, impressing the population. However, malaria prospered on the island with an acme of indices in 1947. From 1948, campaigns of spraying insecticide against adults, chemical control of larvae or use of larvivorous fish, treatment of patients in dispensaries led to very good results. Since 1953, malaria transmission is interrupted in Corsica excepted 30 indigenous cases in 1970-71. Currently, the situation in Corsica of an anophelism without malaria is considered to be under control with a low risk of resumption of a localized transmission.
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spelling pubmed-103872932023-07-31 Laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en Corse Gazin, Pierre Med Trop Sante Int Centenaire de la mort de Laveran The observation of miasmas and fevers was attested in the region of Biguglia, South of Bastia, in 1499, confirmed during the 17(th) century. Drainage works on the eastern coast were started in 1770, abandoned during the revolutionary period, restarted under the Second Empire, with few results on the endemic. Thus in 1875, 80% of the inhabitants of the eastern plain were considered on their appearance to suffer malaria. The rural population was miserable, the mortality high. However, it was not possible to distinguish the responsibility of malaria among the other fevers. In 1899 and following years, A. Laveran was in Corsica. He confirmed the presence of Anopheles in the localities where malaria was present. He encouraged the creation in Bastia in 1902 of the Corsican League against Malaria and he chaired it. The actions of this League were based on the fight against the larvae by chemical destruction, on the use of mosquito nets and on massive and free preventive “quininisation”. A sanitation and development law for Corsica was passed in 1911. Initial results were observed, confirmed by Léger and Arlo (1913) [6]. After WW1, the activities started again, in particular by Sergent and Sergent. An antimalarial application station, subsidized by the Rockefeller Foundation, was created in Bastia in 1925, supported by the laboratory of parasitology of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Plasmodium falciparum was predominant, transmitted essentially by Anopheles labranchiae of the maculipennis complex, up to an altitude of 500 m. The role of population displacements, linked to pastoral practices, the absence of stables and therefore of zoonotic deviation of anopheles were underlined. The liberation of Corsica in October 1943 allowed the installation by the American army of numerous airfields on the eastern plain. An intense local mosquito control by DDT was then carried out, impressing the population. However, malaria prospered on the island with an acme of indices in 1947. From 1948, campaigns of spraying insecticide against adults, chemical control of larvae or use of larvivorous fish, treatment of patients in dispensaries led to very good results. Since 1953, malaria transmission is interrupted in Corsica excepted 30 indigenous cases in 1970-71. Currently, the situation in Corsica of an anophelism without malaria is considered to be under control with a low risk of resumption of a localized transmission. MTSI 2023-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10387293/ /pubmed/37525639 http://dx.doi.org/10.48327/mtsi.v3i1.2023.309 Text en Copyright © 2023 SFMTSI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Cet article en libre accès est distribué selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Centenaire de la mort de Laveran
Gazin, Pierre
Laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en Corse
title Laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en Corse
title_full Laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en Corse
title_fullStr Laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en Corse
title_full_unstemmed Laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en Corse
title_short Laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en Corse
title_sort laveran et l’éradication du paludisme en corse
topic Centenaire de la mort de Laveran
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37525639
http://dx.doi.org/10.48327/mtsi.v3i1.2023.309
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