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Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement. The clinical presentation and immunological findings of SLE patients from different regions in Saudi Arabia have been studied. There have been no studies on the clinical manifestations of...

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Autores principales: AlOmair, Mohammed, AlMalki, Hanan, AlShahrani, Mohammed, Mushait, Hadeel, Al Qout, Maraam, Alshehri, Talal, AlAlyani, Reem, Algarni, Amjd, Almaker, Yazan, Madkli, Elaf
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37525814
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41215
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author AlOmair, Mohammed
AlMalki, Hanan
AlShahrani, Mohammed
Mushait, Hadeel
Al Qout, Maraam
Alshehri, Talal
AlAlyani, Reem
Algarni, Amjd
Almaker, Yazan
Madkli, Elaf
author_facet AlOmair, Mohammed
AlMalki, Hanan
AlShahrani, Mohammed
Mushait, Hadeel
Al Qout, Maraam
Alshehri, Talal
AlAlyani, Reem
Algarni, Amjd
Almaker, Yazan
Madkli, Elaf
author_sort AlOmair, Mohammed
collection PubMed
description Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement. The clinical presentation and immunological findings of SLE patients from different regions in Saudi Arabia have been studied. There have been no studies on the clinical manifestations of SLE in patients in Saudi Arabia's southern region. This article aims to explore the clinical manifestations of SLE in a tertiary center in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 108 SLE patients who were seen in the rheumatology clinic at Aseer Central Hospital over six months from January 2022 to June 2022. Patients’ demographics, clinical and serological characteristics, and therapeutic data were reviewed. Results The male-to-female ratio was 1:12.5, with a mean age at presentation of 28.6 ± 10 years. The mean disease duration was 9.06 ± 5.96 years. Mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations were the most common, accounting for 76% and 57% of all cases, respectively. Neuropsychiatric involvement and lupus nephritis were present in 29% and 31% of patients, respectively. The hematological abnormalities that were present included anemia (60%), leukopenia (37%), and thrombocytopenia (15%). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was detected in 100%, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody in 55%, anti-Smith antibody in 13%, and hypocomplementemia in 52% of patients. Hydroxychloroquine was received by 98% and oral steroids by 41% of the patients. Other drugs include azathioprine (23%), mycophenolate mofetil (15%), methotrexate (23%), belimumab (9%), cyclophosphamide (10%), and rituximab (6%). Conclusion The main clinical features of our patients were in parallel with previous studies in Saudi Arabia as well as in Arab countries. We found a lower prevalence of lupus nephritis, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibody. Further multicenter studies are required to investigate the long-term outcome and survival of SLE patients.
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spelling pubmed-103873432023-07-31 Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia AlOmair, Mohammed AlMalki, Hanan AlShahrani, Mohammed Mushait, Hadeel Al Qout, Maraam Alshehri, Talal AlAlyani, Reem Algarni, Amjd Almaker, Yazan Madkli, Elaf Cureus Internal Medicine Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement. The clinical presentation and immunological findings of SLE patients from different regions in Saudi Arabia have been studied. There have been no studies on the clinical manifestations of SLE in patients in Saudi Arabia's southern region. This article aims to explore the clinical manifestations of SLE in a tertiary center in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 108 SLE patients who were seen in the rheumatology clinic at Aseer Central Hospital over six months from January 2022 to June 2022. Patients’ demographics, clinical and serological characteristics, and therapeutic data were reviewed. Results The male-to-female ratio was 1:12.5, with a mean age at presentation of 28.6 ± 10 years. The mean disease duration was 9.06 ± 5.96 years. Mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations were the most common, accounting for 76% and 57% of all cases, respectively. Neuropsychiatric involvement and lupus nephritis were present in 29% and 31% of patients, respectively. The hematological abnormalities that were present included anemia (60%), leukopenia (37%), and thrombocytopenia (15%). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was detected in 100%, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody in 55%, anti-Smith antibody in 13%, and hypocomplementemia in 52% of patients. Hydroxychloroquine was received by 98% and oral steroids by 41% of the patients. Other drugs include azathioprine (23%), mycophenolate mofetil (15%), methotrexate (23%), belimumab (9%), cyclophosphamide (10%), and rituximab (6%). Conclusion The main clinical features of our patients were in parallel with previous studies in Saudi Arabia as well as in Arab countries. We found a lower prevalence of lupus nephritis, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibody. Further multicenter studies are required to investigate the long-term outcome and survival of SLE patients. Cureus 2023-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10387343/ /pubmed/37525814 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41215 Text en Copyright © 2023, AlOmair et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
AlOmair, Mohammed
AlMalki, Hanan
AlShahrani, Mohammed
Mushait, Hadeel
Al Qout, Maraam
Alshehri, Talal
AlAlyani, Reem
Algarni, Amjd
Almaker, Yazan
Madkli, Elaf
Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia
title Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia
title_full Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia
title_short Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia
title_sort clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in a tertiary center in saudi arabia
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37525814
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41215
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