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The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction
During the first waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, olfactory dysfunction (OD) was reported as a frequent clinical sign. The nasal epithelium is one of the front-line protections against viral in...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387544/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37529051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1045009 |
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author | Chen, Shunmei Wang, Shufen |
author_facet | Chen, Shunmei Wang, Shufen |
author_sort | Chen, Shunmei |
collection | PubMed |
description | During the first waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, olfactory dysfunction (OD) was reported as a frequent clinical sign. The nasal epithelium is one of the front-line protections against viral infections, and the immune responses of the nasal mucosa may be associated with OD. Two mechanisms underlying OD occurrence in COVID-19 have been proposed: the infection of sustentacular cells and the inflammatory reaction of the nasal epithelium. The former triggers OD and the latter likely prolongs OD. These two alternative mechanisms may act in parallel; the infection of sustentacular cells is more important for OD occurrence because sustentacular cells are more likely to be the entry point of SARS-CoV-2 than olfactory neurons and more susceptible to early injury. Furthermore, sustentacular cells abundantly express transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and play a major role in the olfactory epithelium. OD occurrence in COVID-19 has revealed crucial roles of sustentacular cells. This review aims to elucidate how immune responses of the nasal epithelium contribute to COVID-19–related OD. Understanding the underlying immune mechanisms of the nasal epithelium in OD may aid in the development of improved medical treatments for COVID-19–related OD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10387544 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103875442023-08-01 The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction Chen, Shunmei Wang, Shufen Front Immunol Immunology During the first waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, olfactory dysfunction (OD) was reported as a frequent clinical sign. The nasal epithelium is one of the front-line protections against viral infections, and the immune responses of the nasal mucosa may be associated with OD. Two mechanisms underlying OD occurrence in COVID-19 have been proposed: the infection of sustentacular cells and the inflammatory reaction of the nasal epithelium. The former triggers OD and the latter likely prolongs OD. These two alternative mechanisms may act in parallel; the infection of sustentacular cells is more important for OD occurrence because sustentacular cells are more likely to be the entry point of SARS-CoV-2 than olfactory neurons and more susceptible to early injury. Furthermore, sustentacular cells abundantly express transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and play a major role in the olfactory epithelium. OD occurrence in COVID-19 has revealed crucial roles of sustentacular cells. This review aims to elucidate how immune responses of the nasal epithelium contribute to COVID-19–related OD. Understanding the underlying immune mechanisms of the nasal epithelium in OD may aid in the development of improved medical treatments for COVID-19–related OD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10387544/ /pubmed/37529051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1045009 Text en Copyright © 2023 Chen and Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Chen, Shunmei Wang, Shufen The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction |
title | The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction |
title_full | The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction |
title_fullStr | The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction |
title_full_unstemmed | The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction |
title_short | The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction |
title_sort | immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in covid-19–related olfactory dysfunction |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387544/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37529051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1045009 |
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