Dance/movement therapy for improving balance ability and bone mineral density in long-term patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial

Fractures are common accidents for long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia (SZ) in psychiatric hospitals, and once they occur, patients usually endure the pain of fractures for a long time. Accumulating evidence has supported the implementation of dance/movement therapy (DMT) as a promising intervention for patients with SZ. However, no research has been conducted to investigate its role in balance ability in SZ. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a 12-week DMT intervention in bone mineral density and balance ability in patients with SZ using a randomized, controlled trial design. A total of 58 veterans with SZ were randomly assigned to the DMT intervention group (n = 29) and the treatment-as-usual (TAU) group (n = 29). Bone mineral density (BMD) and balance ability were measured in both groups at two measurement points (at baseline and at the end of Week 12). We found that patients in the DMT intervention group had significant improvements in BMD and balance ability compared with the TAU group by using repeated measures analysis of variance. Treatment with DMT demonstrated a significant improvement in BMD from baseline to week 12 (0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.05). For the Berg total score and static and dynamic balance, the mean changes in the DMT group were 7.3 (95% CI: 5.6–9.0), 4.0 (95% CI: 0.9–7.1), and 3.7 (95% CI: 2.6–4.8), respectively. Regression analysis showed that baseline BMD was a significant predictor of improvement in BMD from baseline to week 12 in the DMT group (β = 0.58, p < 0.001). Our results suggest for the first time that DMT intervention may be effective in beneficially regulating BMD and balance ability in SZ patients.