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Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass With a Centrifugal Pump

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an indispensable technique in cardiac surgery, providing the ability to temporarily replace cardiopulmonary function and create a bloodless surgical field. Traditionally, the operation of CPB systems has depended on the expertise and experience of skilled perfusionist...

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Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: IEEE 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10393111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37534100
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2023.3290951
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collection PubMed
description Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an indispensable technique in cardiac surgery, providing the ability to temporarily replace cardiopulmonary function and create a bloodless surgical field. Traditionally, the operation of CPB systems has depended on the expertise and experience of skilled perfusionists. In particular, simultaneously controlling the arterial and venous occluders is difficult because the blood flow rate and reservoir level both change, and failure may put the patient’s life at risk. This study proposes an automatic control system with a two-degree-of-freedom model matching controller nested in an I-PD feedback controller to simultaneously regulate the blood flow rate and reservoir level. CPB operations were performed using glycerin and bovine blood as perfusate to simulate flow-up and flow-down phases. The results confirmed that the arterial blood flow rate followed the manually adjusted target venous blood flow rate, with an error of less than 5.32%, and the reservoir level was maintained, with an error of less than 3.44% from the target reservoir level. Then, we assessed the robustness of the control system against disturbances caused by venting/suction of blood. The resulting flow rate error was 5.95%, and the reservoir level error 2.02%. The accuracy of the proposed system is clinically satisfactory and within the allowable error range of 10% or less, meeting the standards set for perfusionists. Moreover, because of the system’s simple configuration, consisting of a camera and notebook PC, the system can easily be integrated with general CPB equipment. This practical design enables seamless adoption in clinical settings. With these advancements, the proposed system represents a significant step towards the automation of CPB.
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spelling pubmed-103931112023-08-02 Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass With a Centrifugal Pump IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med Article Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an indispensable technique in cardiac surgery, providing the ability to temporarily replace cardiopulmonary function and create a bloodless surgical field. Traditionally, the operation of CPB systems has depended on the expertise and experience of skilled perfusionists. In particular, simultaneously controlling the arterial and venous occluders is difficult because the blood flow rate and reservoir level both change, and failure may put the patient’s life at risk. This study proposes an automatic control system with a two-degree-of-freedom model matching controller nested in an I-PD feedback controller to simultaneously regulate the blood flow rate and reservoir level. CPB operations were performed using glycerin and bovine blood as perfusate to simulate flow-up and flow-down phases. The results confirmed that the arterial blood flow rate followed the manually adjusted target venous blood flow rate, with an error of less than 5.32%, and the reservoir level was maintained, with an error of less than 3.44% from the target reservoir level. Then, we assessed the robustness of the control system against disturbances caused by venting/suction of blood. The resulting flow rate error was 5.95%, and the reservoir level error 2.02%. The accuracy of the proposed system is clinically satisfactory and within the allowable error range of 10% or less, meeting the standards set for perfusionists. Moreover, because of the system’s simple configuration, consisting of a camera and notebook PC, the system can easily be integrated with general CPB equipment. This practical design enables seamless adoption in clinical settings. With these advancements, the proposed system represents a significant step towards the automation of CPB. IEEE 2023-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10393111/ /pubmed/37534100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2023.3290951 Text en This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass With a Centrifugal Pump
title Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass With a Centrifugal Pump
title_full Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass With a Centrifugal Pump
title_fullStr Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass With a Centrifugal Pump
title_full_unstemmed Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass With a Centrifugal Pump
title_short Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass With a Centrifugal Pump
title_sort simultaneous control of venous reservoir level and arterial flow rate in cardiopulmonary bypass with a centrifugal pump
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10393111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37534100
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2023.3290951
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