Glycation Inhibition of Bovine Serum Albumin by Extracts of Momordica charantia L. using Spectroscopic and Computational Methods

BACKGROUND: Momordica charantia (M. charantia) has been used in traditional medicine for the management of complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Several phytochemicals with different pharmacological properties have been previously identified from the botanical; however, the mechanisms of actions of this plant vis-à-vis inhibition of non-enzymatic protein glycation are not known. This study aimed at understanding the putative mechanisms underlying the antiglycation properties of M. charantia extracts experimental and theoretical approaches. METHODS: The antiglycation properties of the plant were evaluated by studying the inhibitory actions of methanol and aqueous extracts on glucose-induced glycation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and protein aggregation. The mode of binding of identified phenolics of the botanical with BSA, amyloid beta-peptide (1–42) and 3D amyloid beta (1–42) fibrils were also investigated. RESULTS: The in vitro experimental properties of the extracts showed that the extracts could prevent inductions of protein glycation and protein folding. The molecular docking analyses revealed that phenolics had better binding affinities with chlorogenic acid showing the highest binding score (−7.13±0.04 kcal/mol) towards BSA than glucose and their respective interactions with BSA could prevent glucose-induced protein aggregation. CONCLUSION: Consequently, the results of this study provide insight into the probable mechanisms of actions of the extracts of M. charantia against the inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation.