Comprehensive evaluation of Reseda lutea L. (Wild Mignonette) and 7 isolated flavonol glycosides: determination of antioxidant activity, anti-Alzheimer, antidiabetic and cytotoxic effects with in vitro and in silico methods

In this study, anticholinergic, antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Reseda lutea L. (R. lutea) were determined. Ethanol extracts of R. lutea (EERL) and water extract of R. lutea (WERL) were prepared for biochemical analysis. The antioxidant capacities of EERL and WERL were evaluated with 6 different methods. In addition, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzyme inhibition by EERL were measured. According to the results, EERL exhibited high inhibition effects against α-amylase, α-glycosidase and AChE enzymes. The IC(50) values of EERL against AChE (2.21 μg/mL), α-glycosidase (1.38 μg/mL), and α-amylase (0.11 μg/mL) were determined. Also, high cytotoxic effect of EERL was observed on human lung cancer cell lines (A549) with an IC(50) value of 3.58 ± 1.10 μg/mL. The affinities of 7 kaempferol and isorhamnetin rhamnopyranoside molecules, previously isolated from R. lutea, for AChE, α-amylase and, α-glycosidase were determined by molecular docking studies. Molecular docking results supported the in vitro results of the study. The results showed that the aerial parts of R. lutea have effective antioxidant, anticholinergic, antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities. This research will form the basis for further studies about R. lutea usage for drug development.