Factores de riesgo modificables en adolescentes con obesidad

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a stage of growth with changes whose result is adulthood. Obesity increases the risk of chronic diseases; therefore, it is important to identify modifiable risk factors to prevent obesity in adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To iIdentify modifiable risk factors for obesity in adolescents from a Family Medicine Unit in the city of Puebla. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case-control study. The Graffar scale, the World Health Organization percentile tables, the Krece Plus test and the Short Diet Quality Screener (sDQS) were applied. Chi squared, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and Pearson's phi with Cramer's V were used. RESULTS: 348 adolescents participated, divided into 2 groups. In the group of adolescents with obesity, exclusive breastfeeding was present in 44.8%, 60.9% had at least one obese parent, 66.7% had an inadequate diet, and 63.8% had a bad lifestyle. On the other hand, the group of adolescents without obesity presented exclusive breastfeeding in 88.5%, 75.3% did not have parents with obesity, 66.1% presented an adequate diet in some aspects and 52.3% had a fair to good lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life, parental obesity, poor physical activity, and inadequate diets were associated with the presence of obesity in adolescents.