Estado actual de resistencia antimicrobiana en población pediátrica en un hospital de México

BACKGROUND: Today bacterial resistance is a global problem, it is estimated that in 2050 it could reach 10 million deaths per year. Bacterial resistance can be caused by different mechanisms, in the case of beta-lactams they include the production of flow pumps, the modification or reduction of porin production, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins and production of an enzyme capable of inactivating the antibiotic. OBJECTIVE: To describe the main bacterial agents reported in the Hospital para el Niño de Toluca and their sensitivity pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective cohort study, evaluated from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, in hospitalized patients under 18 years of age, with confirmed infections from blood culture specimens, urine culture, fluid cerebrospinal and secretions. RESULTS: 599 patients with positive cultures were reported. The five most frequently isolated agents were Staphylococci aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Candida sp and Enterococci sp, Pseudomonas third in frequency in 2019 and fifth in 2020. The main isolated gram positive coconut was S. epidermidis with 52.3% in 2020 , while the BGN report an increase in positive ESBL organisms by 21.5% for 2020. CONCLUSIONS: S aureus, E coli, Klebsiella, Candida, Enterococci and Pseudomonas remain the main causative agents of infection. The GNBs showed an increase in frequency up to 21.5%, showing high resistance in fourth grade cephalosporins, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem.