Influencia de factores de riesgo sobre mortalidad por COVID-19

BACKGROUND: The main risk factors studied that have an influence on mortality from COVID-19 have so far been inconclusive in the world literature, mainly in relation to the male gender. OBJECTIVE: To determine which are the main risk factors that influence a higher mortality from COVID-19. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted, including 1190 patients with positive RT-PCR. The risk factors studied were: gender, age, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), Diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, smoking, immunosuppressants, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), influenza vaccine. In the Group of Cases: they died from COVID-19 (n = 576), while in the Controls group: they survived (n = 614). The statistical plan included cross-tables and multivariate logistic regression model to determine the influence of these risk factors on mortality from COVID-19. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in relation to gender. However, the cases were aged > 60 years (OR: 2.07, IC 95%: 1.80-2.39, p= 0.000), SAH (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.89-3.13, p= 0.000), DM (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.22-1.98, p= 0.000), obesity (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.02-1.77, p= 0.000) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Male gender was not a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19, however, other risk factors such as age over 60 years, being hypertensive, diabetic and obese, were corroborated as such for a higher mortality from COVID-19.