Protocolo de Atención Integral: hipertensión arterial sistémica

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular risk factor that is responsible for complications such as cerebrovascular events, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, kidney failure, arrhythmias and blindness. About 30% of the adult population older than 20 years is a carrier. 40% of carriers are unaware of suffering from it since its onset is generally asymptomatic. Unfortunately, of those who are already known to be hypertensive, only half take drug treatment and of these, only half achieve control figures (<14/90 mmHg). For several decades it has not been possible to forcefully modify the natural history of this disease despite the advancement of therapeutic drugs. The Mexican Institute of Social Security launches the initiative of the Integrated Care Protocols (PAI) of the main diseases. This protocol shows how the three levels of medical care are concatenated, the role of each of the members of the multidisciplinary team for medical care, including: doctor, nurse, social work, psychologist, nutritionist, among others and, to patient sharing. The main changes in diagnostic criteria, in-office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement, drug therapy (monotherapy, dual therapy and triple therapy) and non-drug therapy, and follow-up are presented. The diagnostic-therapeutic approach using algorithm as well as the diagnostic approach to secondary hypertension and special forms of hypertension such as in pregnancy, hypertensive crisis, hy- pertension in the elderly, ischemic or nephropathy patients.