Insight Into the Laboratory Diagnosis of Periimplantitis Using Reactive Oxygen Metabolite Levels - A Biochemical Study

Aim The study aims to substantiate the quantitative role of the predominant periodontopathogen (Porphyromonas gingivalis) associated with peri-implantitis and evaluate the reactive oxygen metabolite levels in peri-implantitis patients. Methodology A total of 40 participants were taken from the department of periodontology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, and divided into groups I (control) and II (test). Group I included 20 participants with healthy peri-implant tissue, and group II included 20 participants with infected peri-implant tissues. The predominant periodontopathogen was detected by using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Samples (gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and plasma) were collected, and a biochemical assay was conducted for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) analysis in healthy implants (control group) and peri-implantitis conditions (test group). ROM levels of the patients were statistically analyzed. Results The qualitative and quantitative profiles of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) associated with Peri-implantitis were analyzed, and the levels of ROM in periimplantitis patients were assessed. The study results substantiate the quantitative picture of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the detection of periimplantitis. The saliva and GCF samples showed significant differences in ROM levels between the test and control groups. Conclusion This is one of the few studies to detect the predominant bacterial pathogen associated with peri-implantitis and assess the ROM levels in periimplantitis patients. The study gives a correlation between the periopathogens and ROM levels, thereby facilitating the attainment of the best possible treatment options.