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Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10397518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37547598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1157670 |
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author | Zahmatyar, Mahdi Fazlollahi, Asra Motamedi, Alireza Zolfi, Maedeh Seyedi, Fatemeh Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Sullman, Mark J. M. Mohammadinasab, Reza Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Arshi, Shahnam Safiri, Saeid |
author_facet | Zahmatyar, Mahdi Fazlollahi, Asra Motamedi, Alireza Zolfi, Maedeh Seyedi, Fatemeh Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Sullman, Mark J. M. Mohammadinasab, Reza Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Arshi, Shahnam Safiri, Saeid |
author_sort | Zahmatyar, Mahdi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, the last of which is the main symptom that distinguishes it from smallpox. In order to prevent and manage the disease, those who are infected must be rapidly diagnosed and isolated. Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10397518 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103975182023-08-04 Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention Zahmatyar, Mahdi Fazlollahi, Asra Motamedi, Alireza Zolfi, Maedeh Seyedi, Fatemeh Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Sullman, Mark J. M. Mohammadinasab, Reza Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Arshi, Shahnam Safiri, Saeid Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, the last of which is the main symptom that distinguishes it from smallpox. In order to prevent and manage the disease, those who are infected must be rapidly diagnosed and isolated. Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10397518/ /pubmed/37547598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1157670 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zahmatyar, Fazlollahi, Motamedi, Zolfi, Seyedi, Nejadghaderi, Sullman, Mohammadinasab, Kolahi, Arshi and Safiri. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Medicine Zahmatyar, Mahdi Fazlollahi, Asra Motamedi, Alireza Zolfi, Maedeh Seyedi, Fatemeh Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria Sullman, Mark J. M. Mohammadinasab, Reza Kolahi, Ali-Asghar Arshi, Shahnam Safiri, Saeid Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention |
title | Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention |
title_full | Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention |
title_fullStr | Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention |
title_full_unstemmed | Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention |
title_short | Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention |
title_sort | human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention |
topic | Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10397518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37547598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1157670 |
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