Cardiovascular measures display robust phenotypic stability across long-duration intervals involving repeated sleep deprivation and recovery

INTRODUCTION: We determined whether cardiovascular (CV) measures show trait-like responses after repeated total sleep deprivation (TSD), baseline (BL) and recovery (REC) exposures in two long-duration studies (total N = 11 adults). METHODS: A 5-day experiment was conducted twice at months 2 and 4 in a 4-month study (N = 6 healthy adults; 3 females; mean age ± SD, 34.3 ± 5.7 years; mean BMI ± SD, 22.5 ± 3.2 kg/m(2)), and three times at months 2, 4, and 8 in an 8-month study (N = 5 healthy adults; 2 females; mean age ± SD, 33.6 ± 5.17 years; mean BMI ± SD, 27.1 ± 4.9 kg/m(2)). Participants were not shift workers or exposed to TSD in their professions. During each experiment, various seated and standing CV measures were collected via echocardiography [stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI)] or blood pressure monitor [systolic blood pressure (SBP)] after (1) two BL 8h time in bed (TIB) nights; (2) an acute TSD night; and (3) two REC 8–10 h TIB nights. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) assessed CV measure stability during BL, TSD, and REC and for the BL and REC average (BL + REC) across months 2, 4, and 8; Spearman’s rho assessed the relative rank of individuals’ CV responses across measures. RESULTS: Seated BL (0.693–0.944), TSD (0.643–0.962) and REC (0.735–0.960) CV ICCs showed substantial to almost perfect stability and seated BL + REC CV ICCs (0.552–0.965) showed moderate to almost perfect stability across months 2, 4, and 8. Individuals also exhibited significant, consistent responses within seated CV measures during BL, TSD, and REC. Standing CV measures showed similar ICCs for BL, TSD, and REC and similar response consistency. DISCUSSION: This is the first demonstration of remarkably robust phenotypic stability of a number of CV measures in healthy adults during repeated TSD, BL and REC exposures across 2, 4, and 8 months, with significant consistency of responses within CV measures. The cardiovascular measures examined in our studies, including SV, HR, CI, LVET, SVRI, and SBP, are useful biomarkers that effectively track physiology consistently across long durations and repeated sleep deprivation and recovery.