Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Data regarding the features and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Africa are increasingly available. OBJECTIVES: To describe socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 86 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March and November 2020. Characteristics were described in survivors and non-survivors. RESULTS: Mean age was 60.9±16.1 years, 53(61.6%) were male. Co-morbidities were found in 77(89.5%) patients. On severity, 6(7%) were mild, 23(26.7%) moderate, 51(59.3%) severe and 6(7%) critical. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were 71±22% and 38±11/minute in non-survivors and 90±7% and 31±7/minute in survivors respectively (p<0.001, p<0.001)). Overall mortality was 47.7% with no death among patients with mild disease and deaths in all patients with critical disease. Duration of hospitalization was 2.0(1.0-4.5) days in those who died and 12(7.0-15.0) days in those who survived (p<0.001). Of the 42 patients that received dexamethasone, 11(26.2%) died, while 31(73.8%) survived (p=<0.001). CONCLUSION: Most of the patients had co-morbidities and there was high mortality in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Mean oxygen saturation was low and respiratory rate high overall. Factors associated with mortality included: Significantly greater hypoxia and tachypnea, less dexamethasone use and shorter hospitalization.