Microbial load of heritage dermatological moulages of the historic university department in Wroclaw, Poland

INTRODUCTION: Many historic dermatology departments keep and preserve valuable collections of dermatological moulages. AIM: The aim of the present research was to find out whether the specimens collected in the Museum of the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology of Wroclaw Medical University are colonized by microorganisms, and whether these organisms can pose a risk of damage to this heritage or a health risk to visitors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study 32 historic moulages and their environment (museum) were subjected to microbiological evaluation. RESULTS: Swabs from moulages turned to be positive in 28% of cases. Micrococcus luteus was mainly isolated. The flora isolated from the air and the external surfaces of the museum display cases was much richer. Environmental bacteria and fungi were determined, as well as organisms probably associated with the hospital flora: Pseudosomonas spp., Paebacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp. CONCLUSIONS: The close proximity of clinical wards probably influences the composition of the museum environment. The surprisingly low contamination of the moulages may be due to the antiseptic properties of the bee wax from which they were made. Conservation work on the moulages as well as people visiting the museum do not pose significant health risks. However, the small number of studies devoted to this topic limits the conclusions. Further research on medical collections is needed to provide ‘evidence-based care’ for this heritage.