Etiología, factores de riesgo e Índice de viscosidad sanguíneo total en enfermedad tromboembólica venosa

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) is a frequent cause of hospitalization and mortality. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) participates in the pathogenesis of thrombosis. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most frequent etiologies and their association with WBV index (WBVI) in hospitalized patients with VTED. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical study, Group 1: cases (patients diagnosed with VTED) and Group 2: controls without thrombosis. Risk factors for VTED were described and WBVI was calculated from total proteins and hematocrit. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney U test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We included 146 patients and 148 controls, age 46.3 ±17.7 vs. 58 ± 18.2 years, of both sexes (female, 65.1%). The most frequent etiology was neoplastic (23.3%), followed by diseases with cardiovascular risk (17.8%). Independent risk factors for VTED were age, chronic kidney disease, presence of liver disease or solid neoplasia. WBVI was similar in patients with VTED as in those without thrombosis. We found an association of the presence of deep vein thrombosis and diseases with cardiovascular risk (p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of chronic kidney disease, liver disease, and solid neoplasia are independent risk factors for VTED. The WBVI is a simple and rapid diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with VTED.