Association of Serum Interleukin-10 Level with Glycemic Status to Predict Glycemic Alteration with Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Studies showed bidirectional relationship between chronic periodontitis (CPD) and diabetes. This study was conducted to estimate the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-10 in patients with CPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to evaluate the association of serum IL-10 levels with glycemic status and to evaluate the influence of periodontal inflammation on glycemic control. SETTING AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients were divided into four groups consisting of 20 patients in each group. Group 1: healthy control, Group 2: T2DM without chronic periodontitis, Group 3: chronic periodontitis only (CPD), and Group 4: T2DM with chronic periodontitis (CPD). Plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss, random blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were recorded for categorizing patients into aforestated groups. Serum IL-10 level was measured by ELISA kit. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: ANOVA statistics and post hoc Tukey’s test were performed for comparing individual groups. RESULTS: IL-10 was detected lowest in Group 3 followed by Group 4. Highest level of IL-10 was found in the healthy group then in Group 2. CONCLUSION: IL-10 levels have an inverse relationship with HbA1c. Lowest level of IL-10 in CPD dictates periodontal inflammation itself influences in regulating serum IL-10 level and poor glycemic control. Serum IL-10 level may be one of the predictors of glycemia.