Evaluation of new IPSS-Molecular model and comparison of different prognostic systems in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome

A risk-adapted treatment strategy is of crucial importance in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Previous risk prognostic scoring systems did not integrate molecular abnormalities. The new IPSS-Molecular (IPSS-M) model, combing genomic profiling with hematologic and cytogenetic parameters, was recently developed to evaluate the associations with leukemia-free survival (LFS), leukemic transformation, and overall survival (OS). However, it has not yet been widely validated in clinics. This study aims to further validate the prognostic power of IPSS-M based on real-world data and to compare the prognostic value of different scoring systems in patients with MDS. IPSS-M Web calculator was used to calculate a tailored IPSS-M score of the enrolled patient (N = 255), and the risk category was defined correspondingly. We next compared the IPSS-M prognostic power to that of IPSS, IPSS-R, and WPSS. We found that IPSS-M risk classification was statistically significant for 3-year OS and LFS. Compared with other tools, IPSS-M was superior in sensitivity and accuracy for 3-year OS and LFS. The mapping C-index between IPSS-R and IPSS-M categories resulted in improved discrimination across the OS, but not LFS and leukemic transformation. The result of different treatment options indicated that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) can result in a better OS than those without allo-HSCT. In conclusion, IPSS-M was a valuable tool for risk stratification compared with other risk prognostic scoring systems. However, more studies should be conducted to explore the appropriate treatment options for different groups stratified by IPSS-M.