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Candy cane syndrome: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Candy cane syndrome (CCS) is a condition that occurs following gastrectomy or gastric bypass. CCS remains underrecognized, yet its prevalence is likely to rise due to the obesity epidemic and increased use of bariatric surgery. No previous literature review on this subject has been publi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10401408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37547243 http://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v15.i7.510 |
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author | Rio-Tinto, Ricardo Canena, Jorge Devière, Jacques |
author_facet | Rio-Tinto, Ricardo Canena, Jorge Devière, Jacques |
author_sort | Rio-Tinto, Ricardo |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Candy cane syndrome (CCS) is a condition that occurs following gastrectomy or gastric bypass. CCS remains underrecognized, yet its prevalence is likely to rise due to the obesity epidemic and increased use of bariatric surgery. No previous literature review on this subject has been published. AIM: To collate the current knowledge on CCS. METHODS: A literature search was conducted with PubMed and Google Scholar for studies from May 2007, until March 2023. The bibliographies of the retrieved articles were manually searched for additional relevant articles. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were identified (135 patients). Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and reflux were the most reported symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series and endoscopy were performed for diagnosis. Surgical resection of the blind limb was performed in 13 studies with resolution of symptoms in 73%-100%. In surgical series, 9 complications were reported with no mortality. One study reported the surgical construction of a jejunal pouch with clinical success. Six studies described endoscopic approaches with 100% clinical success and no complications. In one case report, endoscopic dilation did not improve the patient’s symptoms. CONCLUSION: CCS remains underrecognized due to lack of knowledge about this condition. The growth of the obesity epidemic worldwide and the increase in bariatric surgery are likely to increase its prevalence. CCS can be prevented if an elongated blind loop is avoided or if a jejunal pouch is constructed after total gastrectomy. Diagnosis should be based on symptoms, endoscopy, and upper GI series. Blind loop resection is curative but complex and associated with significant complications. Endoscopic management using different approaches to divert flow is effective and should be further explored. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10401408 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104014082023-08-05 Candy cane syndrome: A systematic review Rio-Tinto, Ricardo Canena, Jorge Devière, Jacques World J Gastrointest Endosc Systematic Reviews BACKGROUND: Candy cane syndrome (CCS) is a condition that occurs following gastrectomy or gastric bypass. CCS remains underrecognized, yet its prevalence is likely to rise due to the obesity epidemic and increased use of bariatric surgery. No previous literature review on this subject has been published. AIM: To collate the current knowledge on CCS. METHODS: A literature search was conducted with PubMed and Google Scholar for studies from May 2007, until March 2023. The bibliographies of the retrieved articles were manually searched for additional relevant articles. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were identified (135 patients). Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and reflux were the most reported symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series and endoscopy were performed for diagnosis. Surgical resection of the blind limb was performed in 13 studies with resolution of symptoms in 73%-100%. In surgical series, 9 complications were reported with no mortality. One study reported the surgical construction of a jejunal pouch with clinical success. Six studies described endoscopic approaches with 100% clinical success and no complications. In one case report, endoscopic dilation did not improve the patient’s symptoms. CONCLUSION: CCS remains underrecognized due to lack of knowledge about this condition. The growth of the obesity epidemic worldwide and the increase in bariatric surgery are likely to increase its prevalence. CCS can be prevented if an elongated blind loop is avoided or if a jejunal pouch is constructed after total gastrectomy. Diagnosis should be based on symptoms, endoscopy, and upper GI series. Blind loop resection is curative but complex and associated with significant complications. Endoscopic management using different approaches to divert flow is effective and should be further explored. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2023-07-16 2023-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10401408/ /pubmed/37547243 http://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v15.i7.510 Text en ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
spellingShingle | Systematic Reviews Rio-Tinto, Ricardo Canena, Jorge Devière, Jacques Candy cane syndrome: A systematic review |
title | Candy cane syndrome: A systematic review |
title_full | Candy cane syndrome: A systematic review |
title_fullStr | Candy cane syndrome: A systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed | Candy cane syndrome: A systematic review |
title_short | Candy cane syndrome: A systematic review |
title_sort | candy cane syndrome: a systematic review |
topic | Systematic Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10401408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37547243 http://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v15.i7.510 |
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