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High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather

To date, no research has been done on energy requirements for yaks in Tibetan cold weather. The findings of the current study provide proper energy requirements for yaks would facilitate scientific feeding of fattening yaks in cold weather. The metabolomics and 16s rRNA sequencing technologies were...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Yanbin, Sun, Guangming, Luosang-dunzhu, Li, Xin, Luosang-zhaxi, Suolang-zhaxi, Suolang, Ciyang, Cidan-yangji, Basang-wangdui, Pan, Feng, Peng, Quanhui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10402921/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37546339
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1212422
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author Zhu, Yanbin
Sun, Guangming
Luosang-dunzhu
Li, Xin
Luosang-zhaxi
Suolang-zhaxi
Suolang
Ciyang
Cidan-yangji
Basang-wangdui
Pan, Feng
Peng, Quanhui
author_facet Zhu, Yanbin
Sun, Guangming
Luosang-dunzhu
Li, Xin
Luosang-zhaxi
Suolang-zhaxi
Suolang
Ciyang
Cidan-yangji
Basang-wangdui
Pan, Feng
Peng, Quanhui
author_sort Zhu, Yanbin
collection PubMed
description To date, no research has been done on energy requirements for yaks in Tibetan cold weather. The findings of the current study provide proper energy requirements for yaks would facilitate scientific feeding of fattening yaks in cold weather. The metabolomics and 16s rRNA sequencing technologies were used to explore the underlying mechanism that affects the growth performance of yaks fed with different energy levels of diet in cold weather. Three groups of yaks (141.7 ± 3.34 kg) were fed with diets containing metabolizable energy 7.20, 7.89, and 8.58 MJ/kg DM (dry matter) and named the low-, medium-, and high-energy groups, respectively. The results showed that the average daily feed intake of the high-energy group was higher than that of the low-energy group (p  = 0.006). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (p  = 0.004), alanine aminotransferase (p  < 0.001), and interferon-γ (p  < 0.001) in the high-energy group were lower than in the low-energy group. In contrast, superoxide dismutase (p  < 0.001), immunoglobulin G (p  < 0.001), and interleukin 2 (p  = 0.002) were higher than the low-energy group. The rumen microbial protein (p  = 0.025), total volatile fatty acids (p  = 0.029), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p  = 0.050) in the high-energy group were higher than in the low-energy group, whereas the acetate: propionate ratio (p  = 0.001) and ammonium nitrogen (p  = 0.001) were lower than in the low-energy group. The plasma metabolomics results displayed that yaks fed with a high-energy diet augmented the metabolism of arginine, proline, purine, taste transduction, pyrimidine, and glutathione pathways. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the high-energy group was lower (p  < 0.001), whereas the relative abundance of Methanosphaera (p  < 0.001) was higher than in the low-energy group. The results of the current study suggest that a high-energy diet in growing yaks during the cold season can improve growth performance, rumen microbial protein synthesis, antioxidants, and immunity.
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spelling pubmed-104029212023-08-05 High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather Zhu, Yanbin Sun, Guangming Luosang-dunzhu Li, Xin Luosang-zhaxi Suolang-zhaxi Suolang Ciyang Cidan-yangji Basang-wangdui Pan, Feng Peng, Quanhui Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science To date, no research has been done on energy requirements for yaks in Tibetan cold weather. The findings of the current study provide proper energy requirements for yaks would facilitate scientific feeding of fattening yaks in cold weather. The metabolomics and 16s rRNA sequencing technologies were used to explore the underlying mechanism that affects the growth performance of yaks fed with different energy levels of diet in cold weather. Three groups of yaks (141.7 ± 3.34 kg) were fed with diets containing metabolizable energy 7.20, 7.89, and 8.58 MJ/kg DM (dry matter) and named the low-, medium-, and high-energy groups, respectively. The results showed that the average daily feed intake of the high-energy group was higher than that of the low-energy group (p  = 0.006). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (p  = 0.004), alanine aminotransferase (p  < 0.001), and interferon-γ (p  < 0.001) in the high-energy group were lower than in the low-energy group. In contrast, superoxide dismutase (p  < 0.001), immunoglobulin G (p  < 0.001), and interleukin 2 (p  = 0.002) were higher than the low-energy group. The rumen microbial protein (p  = 0.025), total volatile fatty acids (p  = 0.029), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p  = 0.050) in the high-energy group were higher than in the low-energy group, whereas the acetate: propionate ratio (p  = 0.001) and ammonium nitrogen (p  = 0.001) were lower than in the low-energy group. The plasma metabolomics results displayed that yaks fed with a high-energy diet augmented the metabolism of arginine, proline, purine, taste transduction, pyrimidine, and glutathione pathways. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the high-energy group was lower (p  < 0.001), whereas the relative abundance of Methanosphaera (p  < 0.001) was higher than in the low-energy group. The results of the current study suggest that a high-energy diet in growing yaks during the cold season can improve growth performance, rumen microbial protein synthesis, antioxidants, and immunity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10402921/ /pubmed/37546339 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1212422 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zhu, Sun, Luosang-dunzhu, Li, Luosang-zhaxi, Suolang-zhaxi, Suolang, Ciyang, Cidan-yangji, Basang-wangdui, Pan and Peng. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Zhu, Yanbin
Sun, Guangming
Luosang-dunzhu
Li, Xin
Luosang-zhaxi
Suolang-zhaxi
Suolang
Ciyang
Cidan-yangji
Basang-wangdui
Pan, Feng
Peng, Quanhui
High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather
title High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather
title_full High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather
title_fullStr High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather
title_full_unstemmed High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather
title_short High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather
title_sort high energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10402921/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37546339
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1212422
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