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A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum

Chlamydiosis remains the leading infectious disease and is one of the key factors responsible for the dramatic reduction of koala populations in South-East Queensland (SEQ) and New South Wales (NSW) regions of Australia. Possible infection outcomes include blindness, infertility, painful cystitis, a...

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Autores principales: Chen, Chien-Jung, Casteriano, Andrea, Green, Alexandra Clare, Govendir, Merran
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403558/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37542093
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39832-w
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author Chen, Chien-Jung
Casteriano, Andrea
Green, Alexandra Clare
Govendir, Merran
author_facet Chen, Chien-Jung
Casteriano, Andrea
Green, Alexandra Clare
Govendir, Merran
author_sort Chen, Chien-Jung
collection PubMed
description Chlamydiosis remains the leading infectious disease and is one of the key factors responsible for the dramatic reduction of koala populations in South-East Queensland (SEQ) and New South Wales (NSW) regions of Australia. Possible infection outcomes include blindness, infertility, painful cystitis, and death if left untreated. Studies have reported the treatment efficacy of chloramphenicol and doxycycline, which are the two most commonly administered treatments in diseased koalas, in clinical settings. However, none have directly compared the treatment efficacy of these antibacterials on koala survival. A retrospective study was essential to identify any relationships between the demographical information, and the animals’ responses to the current treatment regimens. Associations were explored between six explanatory (sex; maturity; location; clinical signs, treatment; treatment duration) and two outcome variables (survival; post-treatment PCR). Results showed that female koalas had a statistical trend of lower odds of surviving when compared to males (OR = 0.36, p = 0.05). Koalas treated with chloramphenicol for ≥ 28 days had greater odds of surviving than when treated for < 28 days (OR = 8.8, p = 0.02), and those koalas administered doxycycline had greater odds of testing PCR negative when compared to chloramphenicol treatments (OR = 5.45, p = 0.008). There was no difference between the antibacterial treatments (chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and mixed/other) and the survival of koalas. Female koalas had greater odds of exhibiting UGT signs only (OR = 4.86, p < 0.001), and also greater odds of having both ocular and UGT clinical signs (OR = 5.29, p < 0.001) when compared to males. Of the koalas, 28.5% initially had no clinical signs but were PCR positive for C. pecorum. This study enables further understanding of the complex nature between chlamydial infection and response to antibacterial treatment.
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spelling pubmed-104035582023-08-06 A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum Chen, Chien-Jung Casteriano, Andrea Green, Alexandra Clare Govendir, Merran Sci Rep Article Chlamydiosis remains the leading infectious disease and is one of the key factors responsible for the dramatic reduction of koala populations in South-East Queensland (SEQ) and New South Wales (NSW) regions of Australia. Possible infection outcomes include blindness, infertility, painful cystitis, and death if left untreated. Studies have reported the treatment efficacy of chloramphenicol and doxycycline, which are the two most commonly administered treatments in diseased koalas, in clinical settings. However, none have directly compared the treatment efficacy of these antibacterials on koala survival. A retrospective study was essential to identify any relationships between the demographical information, and the animals’ responses to the current treatment regimens. Associations were explored between six explanatory (sex; maturity; location; clinical signs, treatment; treatment duration) and two outcome variables (survival; post-treatment PCR). Results showed that female koalas had a statistical trend of lower odds of surviving when compared to males (OR = 0.36, p = 0.05). Koalas treated with chloramphenicol for ≥ 28 days had greater odds of surviving than when treated for < 28 days (OR = 8.8, p = 0.02), and those koalas administered doxycycline had greater odds of testing PCR negative when compared to chloramphenicol treatments (OR = 5.45, p = 0.008). There was no difference between the antibacterial treatments (chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and mixed/other) and the survival of koalas. Female koalas had greater odds of exhibiting UGT signs only (OR = 4.86, p < 0.001), and also greater odds of having both ocular and UGT clinical signs (OR = 5.29, p < 0.001) when compared to males. Of the koalas, 28.5% initially had no clinical signs but were PCR positive for C. pecorum. This study enables further understanding of the complex nature between chlamydial infection and response to antibacterial treatment. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10403558/ /pubmed/37542093 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39832-w Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Chien-Jung
Casteriano, Andrea
Green, Alexandra Clare
Govendir, Merran
A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum
title A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum
title_full A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum
title_fullStr A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum
title_full_unstemmed A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum
title_short A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum
title_sort retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with chlamydia pecorum
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403558/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37542093
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39832-w
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