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Protein S Deficiency and COVID-19: A Brutal Combination Leading to Acute Submassive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism

Protein S deficiency is a form of inherited thrombophilia that occurs due to low levels of or improper function of protein S. The role of protein S is to inactivate procoagulant factors, and a deficiency results in an increased risk of thrombotic events. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infec...

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Autores principales: Chirumamilla, Yashitha, Almerstani, Yaman, Marcus, Huda, Bachuwa, Ghassan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10405865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37554606
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41560
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author Chirumamilla, Yashitha
Almerstani, Yaman
Marcus, Huda
Bachuwa, Ghassan
author_facet Chirumamilla, Yashitha
Almerstani, Yaman
Marcus, Huda
Bachuwa, Ghassan
author_sort Chirumamilla, Yashitha
collection PubMed
description Protein S deficiency is a form of inherited thrombophilia that occurs due to low levels of or improper function of protein S. The role of protein S is to inactivate procoagulant factors, and a deficiency results in an increased risk of thrombotic events. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has also been studied to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to an interplay of several mechanisms. However, the risk of VTE in patients affected by both of these disease processes simultaneously has not been thoroughly studied, and so recommendations regarding routine screening and prophylaxis of VTE have also not been established. We discuss the case of a 46-year-old woman with a past history of protein S deficiency and a recent COVID-19 infection who presented with complaints of shortness of breath. Upon examination, she was found to be hypoxic and tachycardic. A computed tomography angiography of the chest was done and revealed acute submassive bilateral pulmonary embolism with right heart strain and pulmonary infarcts. She was initially treated with intravenous heparin and later transitioned to oral anticoagulation for a minimum of six months.
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spelling pubmed-104058652023-08-08 Protein S Deficiency and COVID-19: A Brutal Combination Leading to Acute Submassive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism Chirumamilla, Yashitha Almerstani, Yaman Marcus, Huda Bachuwa, Ghassan Cureus Cardiology Protein S deficiency is a form of inherited thrombophilia that occurs due to low levels of or improper function of protein S. The role of protein S is to inactivate procoagulant factors, and a deficiency results in an increased risk of thrombotic events. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has also been studied to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to an interplay of several mechanisms. However, the risk of VTE in patients affected by both of these disease processes simultaneously has not been thoroughly studied, and so recommendations regarding routine screening and prophylaxis of VTE have also not been established. We discuss the case of a 46-year-old woman with a past history of protein S deficiency and a recent COVID-19 infection who presented with complaints of shortness of breath. Upon examination, she was found to be hypoxic and tachycardic. A computed tomography angiography of the chest was done and revealed acute submassive bilateral pulmonary embolism with right heart strain and pulmonary infarcts. She was initially treated with intravenous heparin and later transitioned to oral anticoagulation for a minimum of six months. Cureus 2023-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10405865/ /pubmed/37554606 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41560 Text en Copyright © 2023, Chirumamilla et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Cardiology
Chirumamilla, Yashitha
Almerstani, Yaman
Marcus, Huda
Bachuwa, Ghassan
Protein S Deficiency and COVID-19: A Brutal Combination Leading to Acute Submassive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism
title Protein S Deficiency and COVID-19: A Brutal Combination Leading to Acute Submassive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism
title_full Protein S Deficiency and COVID-19: A Brutal Combination Leading to Acute Submassive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism
title_fullStr Protein S Deficiency and COVID-19: A Brutal Combination Leading to Acute Submassive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism
title_full_unstemmed Protein S Deficiency and COVID-19: A Brutal Combination Leading to Acute Submassive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism
title_short Protein S Deficiency and COVID-19: A Brutal Combination Leading to Acute Submassive Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism
title_sort protein s deficiency and covid-19: a brutal combination leading to acute submassive bilateral pulmonary embolism
topic Cardiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10405865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37554606
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41560
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