Abordaje terapéutico de cardiopatías congénitas en el síndrome de Down

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, it is associated with a wide variety of congenital heart defects, being considered as clinical elements of high infant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical outcomes of patients with Down syndrome undergoing surgery and interventionism as treatment for congenital heart disease at this Institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 368 patients with Down syndrome and associated congenital heart disease were diagnosed. The variables studied were weight, stature, sex, age, type of heart disease, corrective procedure, length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 368 pediatric patients underwent surgical or interventional correction. Of which 197 (54%) were female, the median age was 24 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 14-48) in the surgical group and 36 months (IQR: 17-85) in the interventional group. The most frequent congenital heart diseases were: PCA (31%), IVC (28%), CAV (20%), ASD (16%) and tetralogy of Fallot with 4% respectively. Hospital stay was 9 days (IQR: 7-15) in the surgical group and 3 days (IQR: 2-5) in the hemodynamic group. Morbidities were postoperative infection in 30 patients (14%) and complete atrioventricular block in 19 patients (9%). Overall mortality including both surgical and interventional was 2%. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic, surgical and interventional results in children with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease have improved very satisfactorily. The lower prevalence of the atrioventricular canal in the Mexican population is noteworthy. It is essential to carry out a cardiological evaluation of children with Down syndrome and those with congenital heart disease to correct them in a timely manner to promote survival and quality of life.