Impact of vitamin D binding protein (GC) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism on the risk of developing preeclampsia

OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine. In this study, we investigated the association of vitamin D binding protein (GC) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism with the risk of developing preeclampsia. METHODS: 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured using High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Vitamin D binding protein and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The control subjects have significant higher level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (33.5 ± 1.194 ng/mL) relative to patients (23.97 ± 1.604 ng/mL) (p < 0.05). Vitamin D receptor rs1544410 and rs2228570 dominant model (GA + AA; TC + CC) showed significant higher risk of developing Preeclampsia (OR = 4.11, 95% CI = 0.62–27.09, p < 0.01; OR = 3.58, 95%CI = 0.78–16.38, p < 0.001 respectively). Similarly, vitamin D binding protein rs7041 and rs4588, dominant model (TG + GG; CA + AA) showed higher risk of preeclampsia development compared to control people (OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 0.35–8.19, p < 0.05; OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.25–4.44, p < 0.05 respectively). AA genotype of rs4588 of GC gene was significantly associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in serum relative to CC and CA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: From our study, we can conclude that a low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, GC (rs1544410 and rs2228570), and VDR (rs4588 and rs7041) gene polymorphism is linked with an increased risk of developing preeclampsia.