The regulatory role of differential microRNA expressions on cellular inflammatory factors IL‐6 and IL‐10 in Echinococcus granulosus‐induced anaphylaxis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pathogenesis and molecular targets of anaphylaxis caused by hydatid cyst fluid leakage. METHODS: First, Balb/c mice were infected with Echinococcus granulosus, and then the anaphylaxis model was developed. The mice were separated into: anaphylaxis caused by the cystic echinococcosis group (ANPC), the cystic echinococcosis without anaphylaxis group (CE group), and the normal control group (CTRL). Following this, the spleen tissue was collected for microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. Using bioinformatics analysis, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Then, through the use of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, the key target genes for miRNA regulation associated with echinococcosis‐induced anaphylaxis were identified. RESULTS: ANPC and CE groups have 29 and 39 DEMs compared to the CTRL group, respectively. Based on these 25 DEMs, interactions between miRNA and mRNA were screened, and 174 potential target genes were identified. We performed gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis on these 174 target genes, and the results revealed that the three pathways with the highest enrichment were the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and Focal adhesion. The interaction analysis of PPI and miRNA‐hub gene networks revealed that interleukin 6 (IL‐6) was regulated by miR‐146a‐5p and miR‐149‐5p, while IL‐10 was regulated by miR‐29b‐3p and miR‐29c‐3. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we found that the miRNAs regulating IL‐6 and IL‐10 were significantly upregulated in the ANPC group, and there are three pathways involved in that process: Pathways of PI3K‐Akt signaling, FoxO signaling, and Focal adhesion. IL‐6 and IL‐10 play an important role in cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis. Therefore, the aforementioned results provide significant reference value for elucidating the mechanism of cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis in echinococcosis‐induced anaphylaxis, and for formulating tissue and organ protection strategies for patients with cystic echinococcosis when anaphylaxis is triggered by hydatid cyst rupture.