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Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period
PURPOSE: To measure visual crowding, an essential bottleneck on object recognition and reliable psychophysical index of cortex organization, in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus before and after strabismus surgery. METHODS: Using real-time eye tracking to ensure gaze-c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10408769/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37535007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.11.5 |
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author | Huang, Yiru Liu, Zitian Wang, Mingqin Gao, Le Wu, Yanyan Hu, Jingyi Zhang, Zhenyu Yan, Fang-Fang Deng, Daming Huang, Chang-Bing Yu, Minbin |
author_facet | Huang, Yiru Liu, Zitian Wang, Mingqin Gao, Le Wu, Yanyan Hu, Jingyi Zhang, Zhenyu Yan, Fang-Fang Deng, Daming Huang, Chang-Bing Yu, Minbin |
author_sort | Huang, Yiru |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To measure visual crowding, an essential bottleneck on object recognition and reliable psychophysical index of cortex organization, in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus before and after strabismus surgery. METHODS: Using real-time eye tracking to ensure gaze-contingent display, we examined the peripheral visual crowding effects in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus but without amblyopia before and after strabismus surgery. Patients were asked to discriminate the orientation of the central tumbling E target letter with flankers arranged along the radial or tangential axis in the nasal or temporal hemifield at different eccentricities (5° or 10°). The critical spacing value, which is the minimum space between the target and the flankers required for correct discrimination, was obtained for comparisons before and after strabismus surgery. RESULTS: Twelve individuals with exotropia (6 males, 21.75 ± 7.29 years, mean ± SD) and 15 individuals with esotropia (6 males, 24.13 ± 5.96 years) participated in this study. We found that strabismic individuals showed significantly larger critical spacing with nasotemporal asymmetry along the radial axis that related to the strabismus pattern, with exotropes exhibiting stronger temporal field crowding and esotropes exhibiting stronger nasal field crowding before surgical alignment. After surgery, the critical spacing was reduced and rebalanced between the nasal and temporal hemifields. Furthermore, the postoperative recovery of stereopsis was associated with the extent of nasotemporal balance of critical spacing. CONCLUSIONS: We find that optical realignment (i.e., strabismus surgery) can normalize the enlarged visual crowding effects, a reliable psychophysical index of cortical organization, in the peripheral visual field of older children and adults with strabismus and rebalance the nasotemporal asymmetry of crowding, promoting the recovery of postoperative stereopsis. Our results indicated a potential of experience-dependent cortical organization after axial alignment even for individuals who are out of the critical period of visual development, illuminating the capacity and limitations of optics on sensory plasticity and emphasizing the importance of ocular correction for clinical practice. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10408769 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104087692023-08-09 Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period Huang, Yiru Liu, Zitian Wang, Mingqin Gao, Le Wu, Yanyan Hu, Jingyi Zhang, Zhenyu Yan, Fang-Fang Deng, Daming Huang, Chang-Bing Yu, Minbin Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Visual Neuroscience PURPOSE: To measure visual crowding, an essential bottleneck on object recognition and reliable psychophysical index of cortex organization, in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus before and after strabismus surgery. METHODS: Using real-time eye tracking to ensure gaze-contingent display, we examined the peripheral visual crowding effects in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus but without amblyopia before and after strabismus surgery. Patients were asked to discriminate the orientation of the central tumbling E target letter with flankers arranged along the radial or tangential axis in the nasal or temporal hemifield at different eccentricities (5° or 10°). The critical spacing value, which is the minimum space between the target and the flankers required for correct discrimination, was obtained for comparisons before and after strabismus surgery. RESULTS: Twelve individuals with exotropia (6 males, 21.75 ± 7.29 years, mean ± SD) and 15 individuals with esotropia (6 males, 24.13 ± 5.96 years) participated in this study. We found that strabismic individuals showed significantly larger critical spacing with nasotemporal asymmetry along the radial axis that related to the strabismus pattern, with exotropes exhibiting stronger temporal field crowding and esotropes exhibiting stronger nasal field crowding before surgical alignment. After surgery, the critical spacing was reduced and rebalanced between the nasal and temporal hemifields. Furthermore, the postoperative recovery of stereopsis was associated with the extent of nasotemporal balance of critical spacing. CONCLUSIONS: We find that optical realignment (i.e., strabismus surgery) can normalize the enlarged visual crowding effects, a reliable psychophysical index of cortical organization, in the peripheral visual field of older children and adults with strabismus and rebalance the nasotemporal asymmetry of crowding, promoting the recovery of postoperative stereopsis. Our results indicated a potential of experience-dependent cortical organization after axial alignment even for individuals who are out of the critical period of visual development, illuminating the capacity and limitations of optics on sensory plasticity and emphasizing the importance of ocular correction for clinical practice. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2023-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10408769/ /pubmed/37535007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.11.5 Text en Copyright 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Visual Neuroscience Huang, Yiru Liu, Zitian Wang, Mingqin Gao, Le Wu, Yanyan Hu, Jingyi Zhang, Zhenyu Yan, Fang-Fang Deng, Daming Huang, Chang-Bing Yu, Minbin Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period |
title | Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period |
title_full | Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period |
title_fullStr | Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period |
title_full_unstemmed | Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period |
title_short | Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period |
title_sort | cortical reorganization after optical alignment in strabismic patients outside of critical period |
topic | Visual Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10408769/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37535007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.11.5 |
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