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Carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution

The large-scale implementation of renewable energy systems necessitates the development of energy storage solutions to effectively manage imbalances between energy supply and demand. Herein, we investigate such a scalable material solution for energy storage in supercapacitors constructed from readi...

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Autores principales: Chanut, Nicolas, Stefaniuk, Damian, Weaver, James C., Zhu, Yunguang, Shao-Horn, Yang, Masic, Admir, Ulm, Franz-Josef
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10410735/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37523534
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2304318120
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author Chanut, Nicolas
Stefaniuk, Damian
Weaver, James C.
Zhu, Yunguang
Shao-Horn, Yang
Masic, Admir
Ulm, Franz-Josef
author_facet Chanut, Nicolas
Stefaniuk, Damian
Weaver, James C.
Zhu, Yunguang
Shao-Horn, Yang
Masic, Admir
Ulm, Franz-Josef
author_sort Chanut, Nicolas
collection PubMed
description The large-scale implementation of renewable energy systems necessitates the development of energy storage solutions to effectively manage imbalances between energy supply and demand. Herein, we investigate such a scalable material solution for energy storage in supercapacitors constructed from readily available material precursors that can be locally sourced from virtually anywhere on the planet, namely cement, water, and carbon black. We characterize our carbon-cement electrodes by combining correlative EDS–Raman spectroscopy with capacitance measurements derived from cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments using integer and fractional derivatives to correct for rate and current intensity effects. Texture analysis reveals that the hydration reactions of cement in the presence of carbon generate a fractal-like electron-conducting carbon network that permeates the load-bearing cement-based matrix. The energy storage capacity of this space-filling carbon black network of the high specific surface area accessible to charge storage is shown to be an intensive quantity, whereas the high-rate capability of the carbon-cement electrodes exhibits self-similarity due to the hydration porosity available for charge transport. This intensive and self-similar nature of energy storage and rate capability represents an opportunity for mass scaling from electrode to structural scales. The availability, versatility, and scalability of these carbon-cement supercapacitors opens a horizon for the design of multifunctional structures that leverage high energy storage capacity, high-rate charge/discharge capabilities, and structural strength for sustainable residential and industrial applications ranging from energy autarkic shelters and self-charging roads for electric vehicles, to intermittent energy storage for wind turbines and tidal power stations.
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spelling pubmed-104107352023-08-10 Carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution Chanut, Nicolas Stefaniuk, Damian Weaver, James C. Zhu, Yunguang Shao-Horn, Yang Masic, Admir Ulm, Franz-Josef Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Physical Sciences The large-scale implementation of renewable energy systems necessitates the development of energy storage solutions to effectively manage imbalances between energy supply and demand. Herein, we investigate such a scalable material solution for energy storage in supercapacitors constructed from readily available material precursors that can be locally sourced from virtually anywhere on the planet, namely cement, water, and carbon black. We characterize our carbon-cement electrodes by combining correlative EDS–Raman spectroscopy with capacitance measurements derived from cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments using integer and fractional derivatives to correct for rate and current intensity effects. Texture analysis reveals that the hydration reactions of cement in the presence of carbon generate a fractal-like electron-conducting carbon network that permeates the load-bearing cement-based matrix. The energy storage capacity of this space-filling carbon black network of the high specific surface area accessible to charge storage is shown to be an intensive quantity, whereas the high-rate capability of the carbon-cement electrodes exhibits self-similarity due to the hydration porosity available for charge transport. This intensive and self-similar nature of energy storage and rate capability represents an opportunity for mass scaling from electrode to structural scales. The availability, versatility, and scalability of these carbon-cement supercapacitors opens a horizon for the design of multifunctional structures that leverage high energy storage capacity, high-rate charge/discharge capabilities, and structural strength for sustainable residential and industrial applications ranging from energy autarkic shelters and self-charging roads for electric vehicles, to intermittent energy storage for wind turbines and tidal power stations. National Academy of Sciences 2023-07-31 2023-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10410735/ /pubmed/37523534 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2304318120 Text en Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Physical Sciences
Chanut, Nicolas
Stefaniuk, Damian
Weaver, James C.
Zhu, Yunguang
Shao-Horn, Yang
Masic, Admir
Ulm, Franz-Josef
Carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution
title Carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution
title_full Carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution
title_fullStr Carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution
title_full_unstemmed Carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution
title_short Carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution
title_sort carbon–cement supercapacitors as a scalable bulk energy storage solution
topic Physical Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10410735/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37523534
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2304318120
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