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Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche

Black yeasts are polyextremotolerant fungi that contain high amounts of melanin in their cell wall and maintain a primar yeast form. These fungi grow in xeric, nutrient depletes environments which implies that they require highly flexible metabolisms and have been suggested to contain the ability to...

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Autores principales: Carr, Erin C, Barton, Quin, Grambo, Sarah, Sullivan, Mitchell, Renfro, Cecile M, Kuo, Alan, Pangilinan, Jasmyn, Lipzen, Anna, Keymanesh, Keykhosrow, Savage, Emily, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor V, Riekhof, Wayne R, Harris, Steven D
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10411609/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37221014
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad110
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author Carr, Erin C
Barton, Quin
Grambo, Sarah
Sullivan, Mitchell
Renfro, Cecile M
Kuo, Alan
Pangilinan, Jasmyn
Lipzen, Anna
Keymanesh, Keykhosrow
Savage, Emily
Barry, Kerrie
Grigoriev, Igor V
Riekhof, Wayne R
Harris, Steven D
author_facet Carr, Erin C
Barton, Quin
Grambo, Sarah
Sullivan, Mitchell
Renfro, Cecile M
Kuo, Alan
Pangilinan, Jasmyn
Lipzen, Anna
Keymanesh, Keykhosrow
Savage, Emily
Barry, Kerrie
Grigoriev, Igor V
Riekhof, Wayne R
Harris, Steven D
author_sort Carr, Erin C
collection PubMed
description Black yeasts are polyextremotolerant fungi that contain high amounts of melanin in their cell wall and maintain a primar yeast form. These fungi grow in xeric, nutrient depletes environments which implies that they require highly flexible metabolisms and have been suggested to contain the ability to form lichen-like mutualisms with nearby algae and bacteria. However, the exact ecological niche and interactions between these fungi and their surrounding community are not well understood. We have isolated 2 novel black yeasts from the genus Exophiala that were recovered from dryland biological soil crusts. Despite notable differences in colony and cellular morphology, both fungi appear to be members of the same species, which has been named Exophiala viscosa (i.e. E. viscosa JF 03-3 Goopy and E. viscosa JF 03-4F Slimy). A combination of whole genome sequencing, phenotypic experiments, and melanin regulation experiments have been performed on these isolates to fully characterize these fungi and help decipher their fundamental niche within the biological soil crust consortium. Our results reveal that E. viscosa is capable of utilizing a wide variety of carbon and nitrogen sources potentially derived from symbiotic microbes, can withstand many forms of abiotic stresses, and excretes melanin which can potentially provide ultraviolet resistance to the biological soil crust community. Besides the identification of a novel species within the genus Exophiala, our study also provides new insight into the regulation of melanin production in polyextremotolerant fungi.
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spelling pubmed-104116092023-08-10 Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche Carr, Erin C Barton, Quin Grambo, Sarah Sullivan, Mitchell Renfro, Cecile M Kuo, Alan Pangilinan, Jasmyn Lipzen, Anna Keymanesh, Keykhosrow Savage, Emily Barry, Kerrie Grigoriev, Igor V Riekhof, Wayne R Harris, Steven D G3 (Bethesda) Fungal Genetics and Genomics Black yeasts are polyextremotolerant fungi that contain high amounts of melanin in their cell wall and maintain a primar yeast form. These fungi grow in xeric, nutrient depletes environments which implies that they require highly flexible metabolisms and have been suggested to contain the ability to form lichen-like mutualisms with nearby algae and bacteria. However, the exact ecological niche and interactions between these fungi and their surrounding community are not well understood. We have isolated 2 novel black yeasts from the genus Exophiala that were recovered from dryland biological soil crusts. Despite notable differences in colony and cellular morphology, both fungi appear to be members of the same species, which has been named Exophiala viscosa (i.e. E. viscosa JF 03-3 Goopy and E. viscosa JF 03-4F Slimy). A combination of whole genome sequencing, phenotypic experiments, and melanin regulation experiments have been performed on these isolates to fully characterize these fungi and help decipher their fundamental niche within the biological soil crust consortium. Our results reveal that E. viscosa is capable of utilizing a wide variety of carbon and nitrogen sources potentially derived from symbiotic microbes, can withstand many forms of abiotic stresses, and excretes melanin which can potentially provide ultraviolet resistance to the biological soil crust community. Besides the identification of a novel species within the genus Exophiala, our study also provides new insight into the regulation of melanin production in polyextremotolerant fungi. Oxford University Press 2023-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10411609/ /pubmed/37221014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad110 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Genetics Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Fungal Genetics and Genomics
Carr, Erin C
Barton, Quin
Grambo, Sarah
Sullivan, Mitchell
Renfro, Cecile M
Kuo, Alan
Pangilinan, Jasmyn
Lipzen, Anna
Keymanesh, Keykhosrow
Savage, Emily
Barry, Kerrie
Grigoriev, Igor V
Riekhof, Wayne R
Harris, Steven D
Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche
title Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche
title_full Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche
title_fullStr Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche
title_short Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche
title_sort characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche
topic Fungal Genetics and Genomics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10411609/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37221014
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad110
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