Management of plant nutrient dynamics under alkaline soils through graded application of pressmud and gypsum

An incubation experiment was conducted to monitor the effect of different organic matter inputs with the graded application of gypsum at different time intervals on soil pH, sodium (Na) content and available plant nutrients like nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) in alkaline soil. The experiment was formulated with nine treatments, i.e. control (T(1)), recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (T(2)), RDF+Gyp(1) (T(3)), RDF+FYM(5)+Gyp(2) (T(4)), RDF+FYM(10)+Gyp(1) (T(5)), RDF+PM(5)+Gyp(2) (T(6)), RDF+PM(10)+Gyp(1) (T(7)), RDF+FYM(2.5)+PM(2.5)+Gyp(2) (T(8)), RDF+FYM(5)+PM(5)+Gyp(1) (T(9)) with three replications. Periodical soil samples were taken at six and twelve months intervals. Results showed that the addition of organic matter reduced the pH and Na content in the soil. More reduction was observed at one year period as compared to six months. The addition of farmyard manure (FYM) and pressmud (PM) at 10 t/ha with gypsum (1 t/ha) improved available N and available S content as compared to organic inputs (5 t/ha) with gypsum (2 t/ha) in soil. Pressmud application with FYM showed better availability of plant nutrients and a reduction of soil pH (8.39 to 7.79) and Na content from 626 to 391 mEq/L in the soil during the incubation period. During the study, the application of treatment T(9) (FYM and PM in equal ratio with 1 t/ha gypsum) showed a better availability of available N (175 to 235 kg/ha) and S (15.44 to 23.24 kg/ha) and reduced the active ion concentration of Na. This study is very useful for the management of sodium toxicity, improving soil health and the mineralization rate of organic matter through the application of organic inputs for sustainable crop production.