Broadband inhomogeneous lens with conical radiation pattern

This manuscript presents a lens antenna with simultaneous broadside and conical beams. The lens is designed for the Ku band using the ray inserting method. The proposed conical radiation pattern is broadband due to good matching with the source and surroundings. The simulation is conducted using the CST microwave studio solver. Instead of complex antenna shapes used in other works, a simple circular patch ring and RF connector are used as the lens feed to generate broadside and omnidirectional conical patterns, respectively. To validate the performance of the designed lens and its two-port feed antenna, the lens structure is realized and fabricated using the 3D printing method. Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) plastic material is utilized for constructing the lens in this work. The electromagnetic characteristics of PETG in the Ku band are accurately measured. The results of simulations and experiments demonstrate the good performance of the designed lens over a wide frequency bandwidth. The advantage of this designed structure over other works is its high gain and broad bandwidth.