Deriving new mixing ratios for Venus atmospheric gases using data from the Pioneer Venus Large Probe Neutral Mass Spectrometer

We present the first published method to convert data obtained by the Pioneer Venus Large Probe Neutral Mass Spectrometer (LNMS) into units of mixing ratio (ppm) and volume percent (v%) against CO(2) and N(2), the dominant Venus atmospheric gases, including conversion to density (kg m(−3)). These unit conversions are key to unlocking the untapped potential of the data, which represents a significant challenge given the scant calibration data in the literature. Herein, we show that our data treatments and conversions yield mixing ratios and volume percent values for H(2)O, N(2), and SO(2) • Conversion into mixing ratio (ppm), volume percent (v%), and density (kg m(−3)). • Mixing ratios are expressed against CO(2) and N(2). • LNMS and LGC measurements on the PVLP are consistent.