Cargando…
A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global cause of disability and mortality. Treatment depends on mitigation of secondary injury resulting in axonal injury, necrosis, brain dysfunction, and disruption of electrical and chemical signaling in neural circuits. To better understand TBI, transl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10416555/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37575822 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41763 |
_version_ | 1785087806972887040 |
---|---|
author | Brazdzionis, James Radwan, Mohamed M Thankam, Finosh G Rajesh Lal, Merlin Baron, David Connett, David A Agrawal, Devendra K Miulli, Dan E |
author_facet | Brazdzionis, James Radwan, Mohamed M Thankam, Finosh G Rajesh Lal, Merlin Baron, David Connett, David A Agrawal, Devendra K Miulli, Dan E |
author_sort | Brazdzionis, James |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global cause of disability and mortality. Treatment depends on mitigation of secondary injury resulting in axonal injury, necrosis, brain dysfunction, and disruption of electrical and chemical signaling in neural circuits. To better understand TBI, translational models are required to study physiology, diagnostics, and treatments in homologous species, such as swine. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from altered neural circuits can be measured and historically have been reliant on expensive shielding and supercooling in magnetoencephalography. Using proprietary induction sensors, it has been found that a non-invasive, non-contact approach with an engineered Mu-metal and copper mesh-shielded helmet effectively measures EMFs. This has not yet been investigated in swine models. We wished to evaluate the efficacy of this technology to assess TBI-dependent EMF changes in swine to describe the efficacy of these sensors and this model using a gravity-dependent controlled cortical impact (CCI). Methods A Yucatan miniswine was evaluated using non-contact, non-invasive proprietary induction sensors with an engineered dual-layer Mu-metal and interlaced copper mesh helmet with sensors within EMF channels connected to a helmet. Swine EMF recordings were obtained prior to induced gravity-dependent CCI followed by post-TBI measurements. Behavioral changes and changes in EMF measurements were assessed. EMF measurements were evaluated with an artificial intelligence (AI) model. Results Differences between room “noise” EMF measurements and pre-TBI swine electromagnetic field measurements were identified. Morphological characteristics between pre-injury and post-injury measurements were noted. AI modeling differentiated pre-injury and post-injury patterns in the swine EMF. Frequently identified frequencies seen post-injury were peaks at 2.5 Hz and 6.5 Hz and a valley at 11 Hz. The AI model identified less changes in the slope and thus decreased variation of EMF measurements post-TBI between 4.5 Hz and 7 Hz. Conclusions For the first time, it was identified that cortical function in a swine can be appropriately measured using novel induction sensors and shielding isolated to a helmet and EMF channels. The swine model can be appropriately differentiated from the external noise signal with identifiably different pre-injury and post-injury EMFs. Patterns can be recognized within the post-injury EMF due to altered neural circuits that can be measured using these sensors continuously, non-invasively, and in real time. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10416555 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-104165552023-08-12 A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study Brazdzionis, James Radwan, Mohamed M Thankam, Finosh G Rajesh Lal, Merlin Baron, David Connett, David A Agrawal, Devendra K Miulli, Dan E Cureus Neurology Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global cause of disability and mortality. Treatment depends on mitigation of secondary injury resulting in axonal injury, necrosis, brain dysfunction, and disruption of electrical and chemical signaling in neural circuits. To better understand TBI, translational models are required to study physiology, diagnostics, and treatments in homologous species, such as swine. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from altered neural circuits can be measured and historically have been reliant on expensive shielding and supercooling in magnetoencephalography. Using proprietary induction sensors, it has been found that a non-invasive, non-contact approach with an engineered Mu-metal and copper mesh-shielded helmet effectively measures EMFs. This has not yet been investigated in swine models. We wished to evaluate the efficacy of this technology to assess TBI-dependent EMF changes in swine to describe the efficacy of these sensors and this model using a gravity-dependent controlled cortical impact (CCI). Methods A Yucatan miniswine was evaluated using non-contact, non-invasive proprietary induction sensors with an engineered dual-layer Mu-metal and interlaced copper mesh helmet with sensors within EMF channels connected to a helmet. Swine EMF recordings were obtained prior to induced gravity-dependent CCI followed by post-TBI measurements. Behavioral changes and changes in EMF measurements were assessed. EMF measurements were evaluated with an artificial intelligence (AI) model. Results Differences between room “noise” EMF measurements and pre-TBI swine electromagnetic field measurements were identified. Morphological characteristics between pre-injury and post-injury measurements were noted. AI modeling differentiated pre-injury and post-injury patterns in the swine EMF. Frequently identified frequencies seen post-injury were peaks at 2.5 Hz and 6.5 Hz and a valley at 11 Hz. The AI model identified less changes in the slope and thus decreased variation of EMF measurements post-TBI between 4.5 Hz and 7 Hz. Conclusions For the first time, it was identified that cortical function in a swine can be appropriately measured using novel induction sensors and shielding isolated to a helmet and EMF channels. The swine model can be appropriately differentiated from the external noise signal with identifiably different pre-injury and post-injury EMFs. Patterns can be recognized within the post-injury EMF due to altered neural circuits that can be measured using these sensors continuously, non-invasively, and in real time. Cureus 2023-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10416555/ /pubmed/37575822 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41763 Text en Copyright © 2023, Brazdzionis et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Neurology Brazdzionis, James Radwan, Mohamed M Thankam, Finosh G Rajesh Lal, Merlin Baron, David Connett, David A Agrawal, Devendra K Miulli, Dan E A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study |
title | A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study |
title_full | A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study |
title_fullStr | A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study |
title_full_unstemmed | A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study |
title_short | A Swine Model of Changes in the Neuronal Electromagnetic Field After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study |
title_sort | swine model of changes in the neuronal electromagnetic field after traumatic brain injury: a pilot study |
topic | Neurology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10416555/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37575822 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41763 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT brazdzionisjames aswinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT radwanmohamedm aswinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT thankamfinoshg aswinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT rajeshlalmerlin aswinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT barondavid aswinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT connettdavida aswinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT agrawaldevendrak aswinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT miullidane aswinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT brazdzionisjames swinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT radwanmohamedm swinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT thankamfinoshg swinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT rajeshlalmerlin swinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT barondavid swinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT connettdavida swinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT agrawaldevendrak swinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy AT miullidane swinemodelofchangesintheneuronalelectromagneticfieldaftertraumaticbraininjuryapilotstudy |