Serum tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45 as a Promising Biomarker for the Clinical Diagnosis in Gastric Cancer

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) has high morbidity and mortality due to inefficient early screening. Therefore, we are searching for more sensitive and specific diagnostic markers for GC. tRNA-derived small RNAs are novel non-coding small RNAs with good abundance and stable presence in body fluids, which may play multiple biological regulatory roles. In this study, we aimed to find a potential biomarker with high accuracy in tRNA-derived small RNAs that can help diagnose GC. Methods: tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45 was screened as a target molecule by high-throughput sequencing in three pairs of GC tissues. RNA quantitative reverse transcription PCR was conducted to detect the expression levels of tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45. Agarose gel electrophoresis, Sanger sequencing, cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA isolation assays, gradient dilution experiments, and room temperature and repeated freeze-thaw experiments were used to assess the detection performance of tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45. Using the chi-square test to analyze the correlation between tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45 expression levels and clinicopathological parameters. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45 in GC. Results: tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45 expression levels, significantly upregulated in tissues and sera of GC patients and decreased after radical GC surgery, were correlated with the degree of differentiation, depth of tumor infiltration, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and nerve/vascular invasion. In comparison with current GC diagnostic markers, tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45 displayed better efficacy. Conclusions: tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45, with high diagnostic efficacy, can distinguish GC patients from gastritis patients and healthy donors, suggesting that tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45 may be a promising candidate as a diagnostic marker for GC.